Coffee contains caffeine, a stimulant that affects the central nervous system, promoting alertness and temporarily reducing fatigue. Doctor Hoang Thi Hang, from the Department of Nutrition at Tam Anh General Hospital in Hanoi, advises against giving coffee or other caffeine-containing products to children under 12. Their livers, kidneys, and nervous systems are still developing.

Sleep disruption is a major concern. Children need adequate sleep (9-12 hours daily, depending on age) for optimal brain development and growth. Caffeine can interfere with sleep patterns, causing difficulty falling asleep, restless sleep, or insomnia. This can lead to fatigue, poor concentration, irritability, and negatively impact school performance and daily activities.

Caffeine can also increase heart rate and blood pressure. It affects a child's cardiovascular system within 15-30 minutes of consumption. Depending on individual sensitivity, even small doses of 20-30 mg of caffeine (equivalent to half a can of energy drink) can elevate heart rate and blood pressure.

Early and frequent caffeine intake can negatively impact children's health and development. Illustration: Hang Tran

Another concern is reduced calcium absorption. Caffeine increases calcium excretion through urine. Calcium is essential for bone development in children, so regular coffee consumption can hinder growth.

Coffee can also be addictive and lead to behavioral changes. Regular consumption can create dependence, causing restlessness, fatigue, and irritability. Caffeine can also make children hyperactive and affect their behavior, hindering mental development.

Finally, coffee can cause digestive issues. Children have sensitive digestive systems. Caffeine stimulates the stomach to produce more acid, which can lead to indigestion, bloating, heartburn, and stomach pain. Parents should encourage healthy habits, including sufficient sleep, a balanced diet, and regular exercise to promote their children's physical and intellectual development.

Thanh Ba