Response:

A sore throat is characterized by inflammation and congestion of the pharyngeal lining, leading to pain and a burning sensation, particularly when swallowing. This common respiratory condition often arises during seasonal transitions or due to weather shifts.

Common causes of a sore throat include viral infections, such as the common cold or influenza, which typically resolve within days. Bacterial infections, most notably group A streptococcus, can also manifest with similar symptoms. Other contributing factors include allergies (pollen, pet dander), dry air, and exposure to cigarette smoke.

Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) is another potential cause, where stomach acid and digestive fluids reflux into the throat and larynx, irritating the mucous membranes. This can result in inflammation, a sensation of a lump in the throat, frequent throat clearing, hoarseness, a persistent dry cough, and occasionally post-nasal drip.

Dr. Tuong performing a throat endoscopy on a patient. Photo: Tam Anh General Hospital

If an acute sore throat is viral, antibiotics are typically ineffective. Antibiotics are designed to target and eliminate bacteria, not viruses.

Self-medicating with antibiotics without a doctor's prescription can lead to adverse effects like digestive upset and diarrhea. Furthermore, incorrect use, insufficient dosage, or repeated courses of antibiotics elevate the risk of antibiotic resistance, complicating future bacterial infection treatments.

It is advisable to consult an ear, nose, and throat (ENT) specialist for a throat and larynx endoscopy to ensure an accurate diagnosis. If laryngopharyngeal reflux is the cause, treatment focuses on managing stomach acid and implementing lifestyle modifications, rather than antibiotics. These changes include eating smaller, more frequent meals, avoiding late-night meals, limiting sour, spicy, and fatty foods, reducing alcohol consumption, and refraining from lying down immediately after eating. For gastroesophageal reflux, consult a gastroenterologist.

For viral sore throats, doctors usually recommend symptomatic treatment, including pain relievers, fever reducers, and gargling, alongside rest and hydration to support natural recovery. When a bacterial infection, particularly group A streptococcus, is identified, a doctor will prescribe appropriate antibiotics with the correct dosage and duration to ensure complete eradication and minimize complications.

Dr. Truong Tri Tuong, Master and Specialist Level I

Ear, Nose, and Throat Center

Tam Anh General Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City