Individuals with diabetes need a balanced diet, prioritizing leafy greens and lean protein for satiety and blood sugar control. Medication, as prescribed by a doctor, is also crucial for managing symptoms. Certain foods should be limited due to potential interactions with medication and their tendency to elevate blood sugar.

High-fat foods: While some dietary fats like unsaturated fats are beneficial, saturated fats are not good for people with diabetes. Fatty foods slow digestion, impacting medication absorption and effectiveness. Overconsumption of whole-milk dairy products, processed meats, fried foods, and baked goods like cookies and cakes can lead to gastrointestinal side effects such as nausea and diarrhea.

Foods with added sugars: Limiting sugary foods can prevent sudden blood sugar spikes. Candy, soft drinks, desserts, and fruit juices are typically high in sugar and low in fiber, causing rapid blood sugar increases after consumption. Instead, focus on beans, legumes, whole grains, fruits, and vegetables for vitamins, minerals, and better blood sugar management.

Highly refined and processed carbohydrates: White bread, sugary cereals, potato chips, pretzels, crackers, and pastries like croissants are high in carbohydrates and heavily processed. These can cause significant blood sugar spikes. For those using fast-acting insulin, excessive refined carbohydrate intake can diminish the medication's effectiveness. Combining refined carbs with protein and fat can slow digestion and help prevent these spikes.

Caffeine: Caffeine has a diuretic effect. In moderation, it can help eliminate excess sugar through urine. However, it may interact with some diabetes medications, so consult your doctor. Avoid coffee after 4 PM, as it can disrupt sleep, a factor that can influence blood sugar levels.

Alcoholic beverages: People with diabetes should limit alcohol consumption while on medication due to potential interactions that can reduce effectiveness and even lead to poisoning in some cases. Drinking on an empty stomach or skipping meals can further decrease medication effectiveness. Alcohol increases the risk of hypoglycemia by hindering the liver's ability to release glucose into the bloodstream, especially for those using insulin. It can also worsen medication side effects like nausea and indigestion, cause dehydration and low blood pressure, and increase the risk of diabetic ketoacidosis.

Anh Chi (Eating Well)