According to Doctor, Master Nguyen Anh Duy Tung from the Department of Nutrition and Dietetics at Tam Anh General Clinic District 7, coffee enhances alertness and offers numerous health benefits due to its antioxidant content. However, caffeine and the natural acidity in coffee can trigger adverse reactions in some individuals. The following are cases where limiting or avoiding coffee is advised.

Stomach conditions and gastroesophageal reflux disease

Caffeine increases the secretion of gastric acid and irritates the stomach lining. Additionally, coffee can relax the lower esophageal sphincter, making it easier for acidic fluid to reflux into the esophagus. Individuals with these conditions often experience heartburn, acid reflux, burning pain in the epigastric region (above the navel), and a worsening of inflammation or ulcers when consuming coffee.

Uncontrolled arrhythmias or high blood pressure

Caffeine stimulates the sympathetic nervous system, potentially increasing heart rate and causing a temporary rise in blood pressure. Individuals with a history of severe hypertension, arrhythmias, or atrial fibrillation who consume this beverage may experience heightened palpitations, persistent chest pounding, and dizziness.

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)

Caffeine can stimulate intestinal contractions and accelerate the rate of digestion. For individuals with a sensitive digestive system or those suffering from irritable bowel syndrome, drinking coffee can trigger abdominal cramps or diarrhea.

Anxiety disorders and chronic insomnia

Caffeine works by blocking adenosine receptors, a natural substance in the brain that helps the body relax and feel sleepy. For individuals sensitive to caffeine, drinking coffee can lead to restlessness, anxiety, palpitations, and affect sleep, especially when consumed in the late afternoon or evening.

Coffee promotes alertness, but individuals with certain medical conditions should limit its intake. *Ly Nguyen*

Pregnancy and breastfeeding

Caffeine can cross the placenta and pass into breast milk. Since the bodies of fetuses and newborns have not fully developed the enzymes to metabolize caffeine, its consumption can increase the risk of low birth weight or cause infants to be fussy and have difficulty sleeping. Therefore, pregnant women should limit caffeine intake to under 200 mg a day (approximately 1-2 small cups of coffee) or consult a doctor before consumption.

Individuals on certain medications

Doctor Duy Tung notes that caffeine can reduce the effectiveness or increase the side effects of some types of medications. Specifically, caffeine decreases the absorption of thyroid medications like Levothyroxine, increases the risk of nausea and palpitations when used with asthma medications like Theophylline, and diminishes the soothing effect of sedatives and antidepressants.

Doctor Tung advises that for those in the aforementioned groups who still need to maintain focus, consumers can consider milder alternatives such as decaffeinated coffee, green tea, or herbal tea. When drinking coffee, ensure adequate hydration and maintain a routine of light physical activity to boost the body's natural energy.

Bui Duc