Liver damage often presents without clear symptoms. Fat buildup, inflammation, and scarring can develop silently. When the body shows obvious signs, the disease may already be severe. The following are potential indicators of liver disease.

Right-sided abdominal fullness

A common early sign of liver impairment is a sensation of fullness or tightness directly beneath the lower right rib cage. This occurs due to liver inflammation or swelling, which can compress nearby structures such as nerves and muscles, sometimes extending to the right shoulder. Many individuals mistakenly attribute this to muscle strain or bloating, unaware that it signals a deeper issue with their liver.

Poor stamina

Individuals may experience difficulty with daily activities such as climbing stairs, prolonged standing, or shopping. This diminished stamina results from a sluggish or overloaded liver, leading to reduced energy levels despite adequate sleep and a healthy diet.

Fatigue when climbing stairs can also signal liver damage. *AI-generated image*.

Itching

Itching, particularly on the soles of the feet, is a subtle symptom of fatty liver disease. This condition arises from the buildup of bile salts in the bloodstream when the liver fails to adequately excrete bile. Over time, these bile salts accumulate in the skin, causing persistent, uncomfortable itching. This symptom often intensifies at night and does not respond to lotions or antihistamines.

Spider veins or red spots

Declining liver function can lead to elevated estrogen levels, as the liver becomes less efficient at filtering hormones. This hormonal imbalance often manifests as spider angiomas—small, red, spider-web-like veins—and red spots, typically on the upper body. Men might also experience breast tissue development due to this imbalance.

Low vitamin D levels

Vitamin D deficiency often exacerbates in individuals with liver disease. The liver is crucial for activating vitamin D; thus, impaired liver function prevents vitamin D from performing its roles. This can lead to issues such as immune suppression, inflammation, and muscle dysfunction, symptoms frequently mistaken for other medical conditions.

Menstrual abnormalities

In women, menstrual irregularities are a noticeable sign of liver disease. Irregular cycles or amenorrhea can be concerning. This occurs because the liver is vital for hormone metabolism and regulation; abnormal liver function directly impacts menstrual health.

Muscle loss

Muscle loss can result from the liver's inability to properly process proteins and nutrients. While often attributed to diet or exercise, frequent and excessive muscle wasting can signal liver disease. This symptom is particularly prevalent in individuals with cirrhosis and other liver conditions.

Individuals experiencing these symptoms should consult a doctor for diagnosis. Adopting a balanced diet, regular exercise, and adequate sleep can support liver recovery.

Le Nguyen (Source: Times of India)