Sharp vision is essential for daily learning, work, and activities. When vision deteriorates and eyes become blurry, everyday tasks can be affected. While often caused by common issues, sudden blurred vision can also be a critical indicator of serious health issues requiring immediate medical attention.

Several severe conditions can manifest with sudden blurred vision, requiring immediate medical attention:

• Stroke presents with blurred vision, double vision, or vision loss, necessitating urgent medical care.
• A transient ischemic attack (TIA) is characterized by temporary blurred vision, serving as a warning sign for an impending stroke.
• Retinal detachment can cause sudden blurred vision accompanied by flashes of light, floaters, and peripheral vision loss.
• Wet macular degeneration leads to blurred or distorted central vision.
• Pre-eclampsia is a pregnancy-related high blood pressure condition that causes visual disturbances.
• Brain tumors may result in blurred vision along with headaches, loss of balance, or seizures.

Other common causes of blurred vision include:

Refractive errors

Refractive errors, including nearsightedness, farsightedness, astigmatism, and presbyopia (age-related vision decline), are common causes of blurred vision. These conditions arise when the eye's structure—such as the eyeball axis, cornea, or lens—is abnormal, preventing light from focusing correctly on the retina. Instead, light may focus in front of, behind, or be scattered across the retina. Individuals with refractive errors can improve their vision by wearing eyeglasses or contact lenses, as advised by an ophthalmologist, or by opting for refractive surgery for a long-term solution.

Dry eyes

Dry eyes occur when the eyes do not produce enough tears or when tears evaporate too quickly. Symptoms of this condition include eye discomfort, burning, and light sensitivity. Treatment options include over-the-counter eye drops, prescription medications, lifestyle changes, and punctal plugs to alleviate dryness. In severe cases, surgery may be necessary.

Cataracts

Cataracts, commonly seen in older adults, develop when the eye's lens becomes cloudy, obstructing light from reaching the retina. The condition typically progresses slowly, initially showing no clear symptoms, but can lead to severe vision loss over time. In early stages, patients can improve vision with appropriate corrective eyeglasses and enhanced lighting during daily activities. As the condition advances, artificial lens replacement surgery is the primary treatment.

Glaucoma

Glaucoma is an eye disease that damages the optic nerve, leading to vision loss and potential blindness. This condition often progresses silently, with few obvious symptoms in its early stages. Treatment typically involves prescription eye drops, laser therapy, or surgery to prevent further progression of the disease.

Macular degeneration

Age-related macular degeneration affects the macula, the part of the retina responsible for central vision and detailed sight. It is a leading cause of vision loss in older adults, impacting activities such as reading and driving. Currently, there is no complete cure for the disease in its early stages. However, certain nutrients, injectable medications, and laser treatments can slow its progression and help preserve vision.

Eye infections

Eye infections, such as conjunctivitis (pink eye) or herpes keratitis, can cause blurred vision and discomfort. Infections typically affect the cornea and can result from viruses, bacteria, or improper contact lens use.

Bao Bao (According to Very Well Health, Times of India)