Doctor Dao Thi Yen Thuy, Head of the Nutrition and Dietetics Department at Tam Anh General Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, states that the soluble fiber pectin in apples slows glucose absorption into the bloodstream, leading to a gradual rise in post-meal blood sugar. Pectin also helps gut bacteria produce short-chain fatty acids, improving insulin sensitivity, a crucial factor in blood sugar control.

Polyphenols found in apples, such as quercetin, catechin, and chlorogenic acid, work to reduce oxidative stress and chronic inflammation. Individuals with type two diabetes often experience this condition. These compounds contribute to lowering insulin resistance and protecting pancreatic beta cells from oxidative damage. Quercetin further supports the regulation of carbohydrate-metabolizing enzymes, helping to maintain more stable glucose levels.

Apples have a low glycemic index (GI), making them a suitable healthy snack. The potassium content in apples also aids in blood pressure control, a common issue for diabetics due to prolonged vascular damage. Vitamins C and E in apples act as antioxidants, reducing damage to the vascular endothelium and thereby helping to lower the risk of cardiovascular complications.

Apples contain many nutrients beneficial for diabetics. *AI-generated image*.

Individuals with diabetes can consume one medium apple, approximately 120-150 grams, daily. It is advisable to eat the whole fruit to retain all its fiber content, and to avoid blending or juicing, as these methods can cause a rapid increase in blood sugar. Patients with chronic kidney disease should monitor their dietary potassium intake and consult a doctor if this mineral needs to be restricted.

Apples can be paired with protein sources like unsweetened yogurt or nuts to slow sugar absorption and promote prolonged satiety. Prioritize fresh apples with their skin on (after thorough washing), as most polyphenols are concentrated in the peel. Natural extracts, such as GDL-5 from South American sugarcane pollen, which contains natural policosanol, can supplement the diet, contributing to blood lipid regulation and supporting the control of diabetes-related cardiovascular complications.

Doctor Yen Thuy recommends that patients maintain a fiber-rich diet, including whole fruits, green vegetables, and whole grains, to support blood sugar management. Additionally, they should engage in physical activity for at least 150 minutes each week, monitor blood sugar regularly, and adhere to their treatment plan to prevent cardiovascular, kidney, and neurological complications.

Beyond nutrition, a healthy lifestyle encompassing adequate sleep, maintaining a healthy weight, avoiding sweets, reducing processed foods, and managing stress also helps diabetics achieve better blood sugar stability. Regular check-ups with a general internal medicine specialist can provide comprehensive assessment, early detection of complications, and timely adjustments to diet and medication.

Trong Nghia