Iron is essential for hemoglobin production, enabling red blood cells to transport oxygen to organs. This mineral also plays a role in brain function, the immune system, and energy generation.

According to Mayo Clinic, the daily iron requirement for children aged 7-12 months is 11 mg; those aged one to three years need 7 mg; 4-8 years require 10 mg; and 9-13 years need 8 mg. For the 14-18 age group, males require 11 mg, and females 15 mg. Prolonged iron deficiency can cause anemia in children, impacting growth, cognitive development, and learning ability.

Delayed cognitive development

The brain requires iron for development and normal function. Iron participates in forming neural connections and creating myelin, the sheath surrounding nerve fibers that enables efficient signal transmission.

When iron is deficient, especially during the early years of life, this developmental process can be compromised. Children may experience reduced concentration, memory, and information processing. In older children, prolonged deficiency can lead to learning difficulties.

Slow physical growth

When iron levels are inadequate, the ability to transport oxygen to tissues diminishes, making children prone to fatigue and reduced appetite.

Children with poor appetite struggle to obtain enough energy, protein, vitamins, and minerals vital for forming bones, muscles, and other tissues. If this condition persists, they will gain weight slowly, impacting their height development.

Beef is rich in iron, protein, vitamin B12, and zinc, all beneficial for children's health. *Photo: Bui Thuy*

Reduced physical activity and endurance

According to the Times of India, one of the easily noticeable consequences of iron deficiency is that children tire quickly during physical activity. When iron deficiency leads to anemia, reduced hemoglobin limits the blood's ability to transport oxygen to muscles and organs.

Children may run and jump less, become short of breath quickly while playing, or lose interest in previously enjoyed physical activities. For young children, parents might simply observe that they prefer to sit or lie down more often.

Weakened immune system

Iron is involved in many immune system activities, supporting immune cell growth and their protective functions in the body. When this nutrient is deficient, the immune response can be compromised, making children more susceptible to certain infections. Children who frequently fall ill also tend to have poor appetites and reduced nutrient absorption.

Preventing iron deficiency in children

Parents should implement a varied diet, increasing iron-rich foods such as: beef, pork, chicken, fish, eggs, and certain types of beans. Iron from animal products is generally absorbed better by the body than iron from plant sources.

Meals should also include vitamin C-rich fruits and vegetables like: guava, oranges, tangerines, grapefruits, or kiwi to support iron absorption. If a child appears pale, fatigued, has a poor appetite, shows slow growth, or is at risk of iron deficiency, parents should consult a doctor rather than administering supplements independently. A doctor will assess their diet and symptoms, and order tests if necessary.

Le Nguyen (Compiled)