Salt is abundant in many foods, often hidden in processed meats, canned meats, soups, seaweed, ketchup, mustard, salad dressings, pickled foods, and snacks.

Diabetics should limit high-salt foods, as excessive sodium intake can raise blood pressure and increase the risk of cardiovascular complications, as well as problems affecting the eyes, feet, and nerves. The kidneys of individuals with diabetes are more vulnerable than usual, and a high-salt diet can accelerate the decline of kidney function. Furthermore, savory dishes stimulate appetite, leading patients to eat more, which negatively impacts weight management and blood sugar control.

Diabetics should not consume more than 2,300 mg of salt per day. Here are some tips to help reduce salt in the diet.

Use fresh ingredients or foods with no added salt. Consider using orange juice or pineapple juice, along with cinnamon, as a base for marinating meat; these also help to neutralize odors.

Avoid canned goods, pasta, and mixed rice dishes, as they often contain salt. Instead, opt for instant cereals or pudding mixes to reduce sodium. If craving these items, diabetics should check nutrition labels and choose options with less than 600 mg of sodium. Also, limit dipping salt when eating fruits or dishes with ample sauce.

Use salt substitutes. Herbs are an excellent way to enhance the natural flavor of food without relying on salt. Beneficial spices include: basil, celery seeds, chili powder, chives, cinnamon, cocoa powder, flavor extracts (vanilla, almond), garlic, lemon or lime juice, oregano, mint, and rosemary.

Make healthy food choices when dining out. For appetizers, opt for fresh fruit, fresh vegetables, or salads; avoid soups, salty bread and rolls, and butter. Limit pickles, bacon, and seasoned toast. Main courses should be simple, such as grilled meat, poultry, fish, or shellfish, with a preference for boiled or steamed vegetables. Avoid stews, mixed dishes, gravy, rich sauces, and french fries. Diabetics should choose fresh fruit, pudding, or gelatin for dessert instead of savory pastries.

Gradually reduce salt intake over about two weeks to allow the body to adapt, then limit it as much as possible. However, salt is essential for normal bodily functions and should not be completely eliminated from the diet. To effectively manage blood sugar, diabetics need to maintain a healthy diet, get adequate sleep, and take prescribed medication if applicable. Reducing stress and pressure, along with exercising for at least 30 minutes daily and maintaining this for a minimum of five days per week, are also crucial.

By Anh Chi (Sources: WebMD, Health)