Women who have received all doses of the HPV vaccine still need regular cervical cancer screening. While HPV vaccination helps reduce the risk of viral infection, it cannot replace screening. Current HPV vaccines protect against specific common HPV strains, such as 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 45, 52, and 58. However, HPV comprises nearly 200 different strains, meaning the risk of infection with strains not covered by the vaccine still exists after vaccination.

The HPV vaccine does not treat pre-existing infections and cannot entirely prevent the risk of cervical cancer or precancerous lesions. Early-stage cancer can only be detected through timely screening tests.

The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that even after HPV vaccination, maintaining regular screening is essential for the early detection of precancerous lesions and early-stage cervical cancer. This approach helps improve treatment effectiveness and reduces dangerous complications.

Women aged 21 to 65, including those vaccinated against HPV, should undergo regular Pap smears or combined HPV testing as directed by their doctor. The cervical cancer screening protocol suggests that women aged 21 to under 30 should have a Pap smear every 3 years. Those aged 30 to 65 can have combined HPV and Pap smear testing every 5 years. In cases with risk factors such as a history of medical conditions, immunosuppression, or the appearance of abnormal signs, the screening schedule will be adjusted accordingly.

Doctor Huynh Kim Khoe explains examination results to a woman. Photo: Tam Anh General Clinic, District 7

Pap tests and HPV tests help detect abnormal cells in the cervix before they develop into cancer. Early detection of these changes allows for easier treatment and preserves fertility.

Through screening, some cases may show abnormal Pap test results. However, not all abnormal changes indicate cancer. This condition usually points to minor cellular changes that require further monitoring and evaluation. In such cases, women may need an HPV test to identify the virus strain, a colposcopy for a closer examination of the cervix, and a biopsy if necessary for confirmation.

Most cervical abnormalities can be treated effectively if detected early. Additionally, women should have regular gynecological examinations to screen for cervical cancer and detect other gynecological conditions early.

Doctor Huynh Kim Khoe

Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit

Tam Anh General Clinic, District 7