Answer:

Fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) is crucial for assessing retinal blood vessels and guiding treatment in diabetic retinopathy. This technique is widely used in ophthalmology and offers a high safety profile.

During the procedure, a small amount of fluorescein dye is injected into a vein, typically in the arm. The dye travels through the bloodstream to the eyes within a few seconds, allowing images of the retinal vasculature to be captured. This process helps detect abnormalities such as vascular occlusion, leakage, or areas of ischemia.

Medical staff perform fluorescein angiography on an elderly patient. Photo: Tam Anh General Hospital

The dye used in fluorescein angiography (FFA) is fluorescein, which differs from iodine-based contrast agents used in CT scans, resulting in a lower allergy risk. Mild, temporary reactions like transient nausea, slight yellowing of the skin or whites of the eyes, and darkened urine may occur. These are normal manifestations and resolve on their own as the dye is eliminated from the body.

A small number of patients may experience allergic reactions such as hives or discomfort; more severe reactions are very rare. Before the procedure, doctors carefully review a patient's allergy history and systemic medical conditions to assess potential risks.

The angiography procedure is performed in a medical facility equipped with comprehensive monitoring and management resources. Medical staff continuously monitor patients during and after dye injection. In some facilities, anesthesia and resuscitation doctors collaborate in assessment and monitoring throughout the process, especially for elderly patients or those with multiple underlying conditions, to promptly manage any abnormalities.

Fluorescein angiography aids in the early detection of ischemic areas, neovascularization (abnormally formed new blood vessels), or blood vessel leakage in individuals with diabetic retinopathy. These findings are vital for guiding treatment options, such as laser treatment, intravitreal injections, or ongoing monitoring.

Doctor Bui Viet Hung

Head of Vitreoretinal Department,

High-Tech Eye Center,

Tam Anh General Hospital