Dr. Dang Thi Ngoc Bich, Head of Dermatology - Aesthetic Dermatology at Tam Anh General Hospital TP HCM, diagnosed Ms. Phuc with a widespread congenital pigmentary birthmark. Measuring approximately 20 cm2, it extended from her cheek to the top and back of her head, showing signs of progressive darkening.

According to Dr. Bich, a pigmentary birthmark involves an abnormal proliferation of pigment cells in the dermal or epidermal layers. For some individuals, the birthmark area can expand and gradually darken with age, particularly when exposed to sunlight, hormonal changes, or prolonged skin irritation.

Women aged 30-40 are often susceptible to hyperpigmentation due to hormone imbalances. Coupled with inadequate sun protection, this can accelerate the darkening of birthmarks. Without early treatment, a birthmark may spread across the entire face, significantly affecting both aesthetics and psychological well-being.

Doctors prescribed Ms. Phuc four to six sessions of pico pro laser treatment combined with a skin regenerating cream. This technology emits ultra-short pulses (measured in trillionths of a second) capable of breaking down melanin into microscopic particles. This allows the body to naturally eliminate them without causing damage to healthy tissue. During the treatment, Ms. Phuc wore specialized glasses to minimize scattered laser rays affecting the skin around her eyes, thereby increasing precision and effectiveness.

A doctor uses a pico laser to treat a pigmentary birthmark on Ms. Phuc’s face. Photo: Tam Anh General Hospital

After three treatment sessions, Ms. Phuc's birthmark showed a noticeable reduction in pigmentation. Her skin appeared brighter and more even-toned, with no pain or peeling. Doctors assessed this as a good response, attributed to timely intervention and adherence to post-laser care instructions.

Dr. Bich advises against self-treating birthmarks with unverified lightening or exfoliating products, or traditional remedies. Such products may contain corticosteroids or strong exfoliants, which can weaken the skin, cause inflammation, and lead to post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation, ultimately darkening the birthmark further.

Individuals with congenital birthmarks, especially on the face, should undergo regular dermatological check-ups every 6-12 months to monitor any changes. Widespread congenital birthmarks can be challenging to control. Warning signs to look for include: the birthmark darkening, spreading to other skin areas, surrounding skin becoming darker, dry, or having a hot, burning sensation, the birthmark becoming raised, changing its surface, or growing darker hair. Early examination helps doctors determine if the birthmark is stable or undergoing increased pigmentation activity, enabling them to select appropriate treatment methods like laser or specialized topical medications, preventing complications, and improving aesthetic outcomes.

Minh Huong

*Character's name has been changed.