Answer:

The main cause of superinfected bronchitis is an initial viral infection. This infection weakens the immune system and damages the respiratory lining, creating an environment for bacteria to invade. Common viruses include: influenza, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and coronavirus. When the protective barrier is compromised, bacteria such as pneumococcus, haemophilus influenzae, or moraxella catarrhalis can easily proliferate, worsening the inflammation. The elderly, young children, and individuals with chronic illnesses are more susceptible to superinfections, which can lead to rapid disease progression.

A doctor examines a patient. Illustration: Tam Anh General Hospital

Patients typically experience a persistent cough, producing thick yellow or green phlegm, along with a sore throat. Some individuals may also have difficulty breathing, wheezing, and chest pain when taking a deep breath. Other common signs include: a high fever above 38,5 degrees C, fatigue, loss of appetite, or weight loss. In young children, the illness can cause vomiting, refusal to feed, and excessive crying, often mistaken for a common cold if not diagnosed early. Your symptoms suggest a potential case of superinfected bronchitis. It is advisable to seek a specialized examination to determine the exact cause.

Treatment for superinfected bronchitis primarily focuses on controlling the bacterial superinfection. Once a bacterial infection is confirmed, doctors prescribe appropriate antibiotics. Supportive medications, such as cough suppressants, fever reducers, expectorants, or respiratory aids, are used based on the patient's specific symptoms. Patients should prioritize rest, drink plenty of fluids, keep warm, avoid smoky or dusty environments, and enhance nutrition to restore their immune resistance.

If not treated correctly, superinfected bronchitis can lead to more serious complications, including pneumonia or acute respiratory failure. Patients experiencing a prolonged cough, recurrent fever, or a change in phlegm color should visit a respiratory specialist for early diagnosis and treatment. This proactive approach helps prevent the condition from silently progressing and causing more dangerous complications.

Master, Doctor Phung Thi Thom

Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tam Anh General Hospital, Ha Noi