Answer:

Anal fistula, a common condition affecting the anorectal area, often requires surgery to prevent serious complications. Post-operative hospital stays vary depending on the fistula's complexity and the patient's overall health. Patients undergoing simple procedures without complications can typically leave the hospital after one day and manage wound care at home. More complex surgeries may require 3-5 days or more of inpatient care, particularly if there are signs of infection, bleeding, or a complex, multi-branched fistula.

Doctor Khanh (center) performing anal fistula surgery. Photo illustration: Tam Anh General Hospital

Due to its location, an anal fistula wound heals slower than wounds in other areas because fecal matter passes over it during bowel movements. Healing time varies depending on the extent of the damage and post-operative care. Simple fistulas, with proper care, typically heal within 6-8 weeks. Complex, multi-branched fistulas, or those with extensive damage, may take 3-4 months or longer to heal.

During recovery, patients may experience discomfort, pain, or burning sensations when moving or having bowel movements. Doctors may prescribe antibiotics, pain relievers, and anti-inflammatory medication, along with instructions for hygiene and sitz baths to promote healing.

Maintaining cleanliness and dryness around the anal area is crucial after surgery. Daily cleaning with warm water and gentle drying with a soft towel is recommended. Sitz baths with warm water, 1-2 times daily or as directed by the doctor, can soothe the wound, reduce pain, and prevent bacterial infection. Regularly change dressings, especially after bowel movements or baths. It's advisable to have medical personnel change the dressings to ensure proper technique and safety.

Follow prescribed medications, including antibiotics, pain relievers, and anti-inflammatory drugs, if any. Monitor for any unusual signs like swelling, redness, pus, or high fever, and consult a doctor immediately if these occur. Patients with less physically demanding jobs can return to work within 2-3 days. Those with jobs requiring strenuous activity or prolonged sitting should rest for at least two weeks to avoid affecting the wound.

Cao Ngoc Khanh, MD, PhD

Anorectal Unit

Tam Anh General Clinic, District 7