The gut microbiome comprises trillions of microorganisms, including beneficial bacteria that aid digestion, maintain the intestinal barrier, and interact with the immune system. When the gut microbial environment changes, some individuals may experience the following typical symptoms.

Bloating and excessive gas

Frequent abdominal distension, bloating, or excessive gas, especially after normal meals, can signal digestive issues. Probiotics are beneficial live microorganisms supplemented through certain foods or specialized products. According to Prevention, some probiotic strains can help reduce bloating and abdominal discomfort, though effectiveness varies by strain and individual.

Frequent bloating and abdominal distension can be related to changes in the gut. Illustration: Thanh Hoa

Recurrent constipation or diarrhea

Changes in bowel habits, such as constipation, diarrhea, or irregular bowel movements, are common indicators of an altered gut microbiome. According to Health, some strains of lactobacillus and bifidobacterium can help alleviate constipation. Meanwhile, saccharomyces boulardii and lactobacillus rhamnosus have been extensively studied for antibiotic-associated diarrhea.

However, acute diarrhea is often caused by viral or bacterial infections or food poisoning. Constipation also stems from various factors like insufficient fiber, low water intake, inactivity, or medication side effects. Therefore, these two symptoms should not always be attributed to an imbalanced gut microbiome.

Digestive disorders after antibiotic use

Antibiotics can alter the gut microbiome by affecting both pathogenic bacteria and some beneficial bacteria. This can lead to diarrhea or changes in bowel habits for some individuals. Patients should consult their treating physician if they suspect antibiotics are impacting their gut microbiome.

Frequent colds and infections

The gut is closely connected to the immune system and the body's defense mechanisms. MedicineNet indicates that frequent colds or flu may be a sign of a potentially imbalanced gut microbiome. However, sleep, stress, nutrition, exposure to pathogens, and many other factors also influence immune function.

Sleep difficulties or mood changes

The gut microbiome can interact with the brain via the gut-brain axis, including pathways through the vagus nerve. Sleep difficulties and mood changes can be symptoms linked to the gut microbiome.

Probiotics can offer health benefits in certain situations. They can be sourced from fermented foods like yogurt with live cultures, kefir, kimchi, sauerkraut, and miso, or from supplements. According to Prevention, healthy individuals with a diverse, fiber-rich diet typically do not need to consume probiotics daily.

If considering supplements, discuss with a doctor to choose the appropriate strain, dosage, and usage for your health goals.

Bao Bao (Compiled)