According to the Times of India, many individuals who maintain a diet rich in vegetables, limit processed foods, exercise regularly, and manage a healthy weight still receive a cancer diagnosis. While lifestyle is a key factor in reducing disease risk, it doesn't offer absolute protection. Cancer develops from various causes, some of which are beyond control.

Age

Advanced age increases cancer risk as cells in the body accumulate divisions and damage over time. Abnormal DNA changes can build up, and the body's ability to repair damage and control abnormal cells diminishes, fostering cancer development.

Additionally, older individuals have prolonged exposure to risk factors like tobacco smoke, ultraviolet radiation, pollution, or certain pathogens.

Genetic factors

Not all cancer cases stem from lifestyle. Some individuals carry gene mutations that elevate their risk of breast, ovarian, colorectal, or prostate cancer. While carrying a risk gene doesn't guarantee illness, it significantly increases the probability of developing cancer compared to those without the mutation. Thus, individuals with a family history of cancer should proactively undergo screening and regular health monitoring as advised by their doctors.

A healthy diet is one way to prevent illness and protect health. *Illustration: Bui Thuy*

Certain medical conditions and cancer-linked viruses

Certain viruses can raise cancer risk. For example, human papillomavirus (HPV) is linked to cervical cancer and some head and neck cancers. Hepatitis B and C viruses increase liver cancer risk, while Helicobacter pylori bacteria are associated with stomach cancer in some people.

Additionally, chronic inflammatory diseases in certain organs can also lead to cell damage and transformation over time, according to WebMD.

Beyond a healthy diet and regular exercise, individuals can reduce cancer risk by avoiding controllable harmful factors. Important steps include not smoking, limiting alcohol consumption, and avoiding secondhand smoke. Vaccinations for human papillomavirus (HPV) and hepatitis B also help reduce the risk of infections linked to certain cancers.

Everyone should effectively manage and treat chronic medical conditions. Any unexplained weight loss, abnormal bleeding, new lumps, persistent changes in bowel or bladder habits, or a lingering cough warrant medical examination.

Le Nguyen (Compiled)