Gig drivers, food delivery personnel, and couriers are three common jobs for unemployed and freelance workers in China. The ride-hailing market grew strongly from 2015, with 7,5 million licensed drivers in the country by 2024.

A rapid increase in driver numbers has crowded the market. In 4/2026, the Shenzhen Municipal Transportation Bureau, Guangdong province, warned that the local ride-hailing sector had become saturated. Each vehicle currently completes an average of 13 trips daily, with fares steadily declining due to fierce competition.

Falling fares have led to decreased income. In some cities, off-peak fares are below 0,15 USD per kilometer. Many in Shenzhen reported that after deducting rental fees, charging costs, and insurance, they were left with only about 45 USD for 12 hours of work.

Illustration: SCMP.

A 2025 report by the Center for Research on New Employment Forms in China revealed that the average age of drivers across 13 provinces and cities was 40. Around 60% are primary earners, serving as the sole source of income for their families. This situation compels them to seek additional income beyond their fares.

Many drivers are diversifying their services. In Harbin, one driver sells handicrafts made from plastic beads by his daughter. During one trip, he earned only 1,5 USD in fares but sold an item for 14 USD. Similarly, in Sichuan, another driver carries handicrafts made by his unemployed wife. He treats his car as a mobile stall and stated that sales were higher than at a fixed stall.

Beyond selling goods, many drivers offer entertainment services. One driver installed a karaoke system and rotating lights in the rear compartment. Passengers scan a QR code to sing; if they score 95 points or more, they receive a complimentary drink. "I intended to travel about 3 km, but I changed my destination to a farther one after seeing the karaoke," a passenger said. This person recounted picking up two more friends along the way to join.

Other services include on-the-go refreshments and personal care. Another driver sells coffee, serving freshly brewed americano and latte for 3-4,5 USD. In Jiangsu, a taxi driver offers haircuts for 1,2 USD while waiting for passengers. Some cars are equipped with massage cushions on the seats, offering passengers two minutes of free trial. However, the cushions activate automatically, making it impossible for passengers to decline. "I felt tortured," recounted a passenger who had previously fractured a rib.

Many drivers stated that they accept unprofitable rides, hoping the system will prioritize better trip assignments in the future.

On social media, these services have received mixed reactions. Some support cars with karaoke to relieve stress. Conversely, many worry that selling goods and preparing hot beverages in cars could compromise traffic safety. Selling goods while transporting passengers also violates ride-hailing platform regulations. Many drivers have been penalized after these stories circulated on social media.

Ngoc Ngan (According to SCMP)