Dr. Nguyen Minh Thuan, a specialist from the Respiratory Unit at Tam Anh General Hospital, TP HCM, notes that many lung diseases initially present with subtle symptoms, often mistaken for general fatigue or common respiratory infections. Recognizing unusual respiratory changes early and seeking timely medical consultation allows doctors to identify the cause and initiate treatment in its early stages.

Persistent cough

A cough is a protective reflex that helps the body clear phlegm, dust, and irritants from the airways. However, a persistent cough, especially one lasting over 8 weeks, should not be considered normal. It can signal various conditions such as bronchial asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), pulmonary fibrosis, or other respiratory tract problems.

Individuals with a history of smoking, or those regularly exposed to smoke, dust, chemicals, or air pollution, should pay attention to persistent coughs, especially if their nature changes or symptoms worsen. A cough accompanied by breathlessness, chest pain, bloody phlegm, unexplained weight loss, or hoarseness warrants prompt medical evaluation.

Progressive breathlessness

Breathlessness following strenuous physical activity can occur in healthy individuals. However, feeling winded during activities previously considered normal, such as walking or climbing stairs, or even while at rest, is a sign that requires attention.

Persistent breathlessness can be associated with conditions such as COPD, bronchial asthma, pulmonary fibrosis, pulmonary hypertension, and other diseases. COPD often leads to breathlessness that gradually worsens over time, potentially accompanied by a persistent cough, excessive phlegm, or wheezing.

Dr. Thuan advises a patient undergoing a general health check-up. *Photo: Tam Anh General Hospital*

Wheezing or abnormal breathing sounds

Wheezing is a whistling or rattling sound produced during breathing, often more pronounced during exhalation. This symptom arises when the airways narrow or become obstructed, and it can be observed in conditions like bronchial asthma, COPD, and certain other diseases.

If wheezing is distinct and persistent, individuals should seek medical attention to determine its underlying cause. Wheezing accompanied by breathlessness, chest tightness, or a persistent cough should not be self-treated with cough medicine or inhalers without a proper diagnosis.

Persistent chest pain or tightness

Chest pain does not always originate from the lungs; it can be associated with the heart, musculoskeletal system, nerves, or digestive system. However, persistent, unexplained chest pain or tightness, particularly if it intensifies with deep breaths or coughing, could be a symptom of a respiratory illness.

Certain lung conditions, such as pneumonia, pleurisy, or other intrathoracic lesions, can cause chest pain. Chest pain that appears suddenly alongside breathlessness, dizziness, blue lips, or fainting requires emergency medical attention, as it may indicate dangerous conditions like pulmonary embolism or cardiovascular disease.

Coughing up blood or bloody phlegm

Coughing up blood is an abnormal sign that warrants investigation, regardless of the amount. The blood can originate from the respiratory tract and be linked to various causes, ranging from infections and bronchiectasis to more serious underlying diseases.

If coughing up blood recurs or is accompanied by a persistent cough, breathlessness, chest pain, or unexplained weight loss, individuals should seek prompt medical examination. Coughing up blood can be one of the indicators of lung cancer.

Dr. Thuan explains that respiratory symptoms can stem from numerous causes. Depending on the case, doctors may recommend chest X-rays or CT scans, lung function tests, and other diagnostic procedures to identify the underlying issue.

Current or former smokers, individuals frequently exposed to smoke, dust, or chemicals, those with chronic respiratory diseases, or a family history of lung conditions should be particularly vigilant for any respiratory changes. Early detection and treatment of the cause can limit disease progression and prevent future complications.

Nhat Thanh