Psoriasis is a relatively common immune-related skin condition. It causes patches of scaly, flaky skin, often found on the knees, scalp, elbows, and back. These patches appear red on lighter skin and can be purple or dark brown on darker skin.

According to the International Federation of Psoriasis Associations, the global prevalence of psoriasis is estimated at around 2-3% of the population, equivalent to approximately 125 million people. However, many common misconceptions about this condition persist.

Psoriasis is contagious.

Psoriasis occurs when the immune system malfunctions and produces more skin cells than usual. It cannot be transmitted through direct person-to-person contact or bodily fluids, such as kissing or sharing food and drinks. It also cannot be spread through close contact in public places.

The disease only causes dry skin.

Psoriasis symptoms are more severe than just dry skin. The typical skin renewal process takes about 28 days, but in people with psoriasis, this process can take only 4-5 days. As a result, skin cells do not mature and accumulate into thick scales that cannot shed normally.

Blood vessels also change and move closer to the surface, creating areas of skin that bleed easily when scratched, becoming red and painful. Severe psoriasis can cause the skin to crack and bleed, leading to weakness. Psoriasis on the hands or feet can make daily activities difficult, and if it occurs in areas like the groin or buttocks, it can cause pain when sitting or using the toilet.

There is only one type of psoriasis.

Psoriasis has many forms with varying symptoms. The most common type is plaque psoriasis, with its characteristic thick, silvery scales. Other types include: : guttate psoriasis (patches shaped like water droplets); inverse psoriasis (forms only in areas where skin touches other skin, such as the armpits, groin, or under the breasts); erythrodermic psoriasis (a rare type causing a peeling rash covering most of the body); and pustular psoriasis (pus-filled bumps develop, most commonly on the hands and feet).

It only occurs in adults.

Although common in adults, psoriasis can begin in adolescence and last a lifetime. It can also occur in children and, less commonly, in infants. Experts believe that psoriasis typically has two onset "peaks": from the late teens to early 30s and between the ages of 50 and 60.

The cause is poor hygiene.

Psoriasis does not stem from poor hygiene. In fact, individuals with this condition must be very careful with hygiene because their skin is painful and flaky, requiring constant care. They often have to use medication twice a day, spending considerable time managing the disease, especially in areas like the scalp.

Psoriasis only affects the skin.

People with psoriasis can also develop psoriatic arthritis, which affects the knees or joints of the hands and feet, and areas where tendons connect to bones, such as the heels and lower back. In addition to its physical effects, the disease can also impact mental well-being, leading to anxiety, depression, and lack of confidence.

Psoriasis is the same as eczema.

Eczema and psoriasis are different. Eczema is caused by an allergic reaction, potentially linked to genetics, environment, and other factors, while psoriasis is an autoimmune disease. Eczema is common in young children and can disappear over time. Conversely, psoriasis is less common in children and tends to be lifelong. Eczema usually appears inside the elbows and knees, while psoriasis often occurs on the outside of the elbows and knees, and on the scalp.

Psoriasis can be cured.

Currently, there is no cure for psoriasis. However, many treatments can reduce symptoms, including topical creams, ointments, light therapy, as well as oral and injectable medications. Psoriasis is a chronic, lifelong condition. Individuals with psoriasis should consult their doctor to adjust their treatment plan over time.

Anh Ngoc (Theo Medical News Today)