Swollen eyes are mainly associated with allergies, lack of sleep, excessive salt intake, or crying. Chronic swelling may indicate thyroid problems (hypothyroidism), kidney disease, or water retention.

Yellow patches around the eyes, called xanthelasma, are cholesterol deposits near the eyelids. They often signal high cholesterol or lipid disorders, increasing the risk of heart disease and other vascular issues.

Red eyes are commonly caused by allergies, infections (conjunctivitis), lack of sleep, or excessive alcohol consumption. This usually stems from broken blood vessels beneath the eye's surface, causing blood to pool and the whites of the eyes to turn red. Chronic redness can be a sign of inflammation, underlying autoimmune, or systemic diseases.

Dark circles under the eyes are common but often overlooked. They can be due to fatigue, allergies, genetics, or thinning skin with age. Sometimes, they indicate anemia or dehydration. Adequate rest can often reduce stress-related dark circles.

A white or gray ring around the iris is caused by fat (cholesterol or lipid) buildup, often seen in older adults. In younger people, these rings can signal high cholesterol, increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease.

Frequent eye twitching is an involuntary spasm of the eyelid muscles, commonly affecting the upper lid. Fatigue or stress can disrupt nerve signals, causing muscle contractions. Excessive caffeine or alcohol intake can also contribute. Persistent or severe twitching, though rare, may indicate a neurological or electrolyte imbalance.

Blurred vision can result from high or low blood pressure, diabetes, cataracts, or even neurological issues.

Bulging eyes, where the eyes seem to protrude from their sockets, are often linked to Graves' disease (an overactive thyroid), tumors, infections, or trauma in the eye socket.

Yellow eyes are often a sign of jaundice. Jaundice occurs when there's excess bilirubin in the blood, a yellow substance produced when the body breaks down old red blood cells. The liver usually filters bilirubin, transferring it to bile, which is then excreted in stool. If the liver isn't functioning properly or the bile ducts are blocked, bilirubin can accumulate in the blood, causing yellowing of the eyes and skin. Liver diseases (hepatitis or cirrhosis), gallbladder disease, or rarely, hemolytic anemia can cause jaundice.

Bao Bao (Times of India).