The liver is a vital organ, constantly working to detoxify the body, aid digestion, and store energy. Conditions like fatty liver disease and cirrhosis are often preventable with a healthy diet, regular exercise, and consistent medical check-ups. Yet, widespread misconceptions can lead individuals to adopt practices detrimental to liver health.

A common belief is that liver disease exclusively affects heavy drinkers. While alcohol consumption produces toxic byproducts like acetaldehyde, leading to fat accumulation, inflammation, cirrhosis, and potentially liver failure or cancer, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is prevalent even among non-drinkers. NAFLD is often linked to obesity, diabetes, and diets high in processed foods. This condition involves fat buildup in the liver, causing inflammation and scarring, entirely independent of alcohol. Effective liver protection extends beyond abstaining from alcohol; genetic factors, medications, and metabolic syndrome also play a role. Maintaining a healthy weight, eating a balanced diet, limiting sugar and processed foods, and exercising regularly are crucial for liver health.

Another misconception centers on liver detoxification. The body possesses natural, daily liver detoxification mechanisms. Excessive use of detox teas or unverified products can sometimes be harmful, potentially elevating liver enzymes, causing diarrhea, or even kidney failure without providing genuine benefits. Always consult a doctor before using such products. To support natural liver function, focus on a nutrient-rich diet, drink plenty of water, and limit sugar and alcohol intake. Incorporating fiber-rich vegetables, such as spinach, beetroot, and broccoli, and consuming 1,8 to 2 liters of water daily can significantly aid liver efficiency.

Many incorrectly believe that beer and wine are harmless compared to hard liquors like vodka or whisky. However, the total amount of alcohol consumed is the critical factor. All alcoholic beverages, including beer and wine, can damage the liver if consumed in excess. Monitoring intake and considering moderation are essential steps to protect liver health.

Not only spirits but also beer can harm the liver if consumed excessively. Photo: Ngoc Pham

A normal liver enzyme panel does not guarantee a healthy liver. Normal levels of enzymes like ALT and AST do not rule out significant liver damage or cirrhosis, as these conditions can exist without elevated enzyme readings. Basic blood tests alone are insufficient for a comprehensive assessment. They should be combined with imaging tests like ultrasound, elastography (fibroscan), or biopsy when necessary. Individuals who are overweight or have a family history of liver disease should undergo regular liver health check-ups. Doctors utilize a combination of blood tests and imaging to detect diseases early, allowing for timely treatment and prevention of severe complications.

Finally, the idea that liver disease always presents with obvious symptoms is misleading. While jaundice or abdominal pain are common indicators of liver damage, many liver diseases progress silently for years, earning them the moniker "silent killers". Hepatitis and fatty liver often show no clear symptoms until advanced stages, when sudden swelling or jaundice may appear. Even daily digestive discomfort can be a subtle sign of liver involvement. Regular screening and health check-ups are crucial for early detection of damage, which can significantly improve prognosis and treatment outcomes.

Bao Bao (Source: Times of India)