Doctor Ma Thanh Phong, Head of the Respiratory Unit, General Internal Medicine Department, Tam Anh General Hospital TP HCM, states that individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are sensitive to weather changes, particularly during prolonged hot spells. High temperatures can easily irritate the airways, increasing the risk of acute exacerbations.

During hot weather, COPD patients must ensure adequate hydration. Dehydration thickens respiratory secretions, making them difficult to clear, which leads to increased mucus retention and impaired airflow. Consistent water intake throughout the day helps thin mucus, supports natural drainage, and lowers the risk of secondary infections.

Doctor Phong explains to a patient during a respiratory examination. Photo: Tam Anh General Hospital

High ambient temperatures also lead to dry air and facilitate the accumulation of pollutants like fine dust. These factors can trigger bronchospasms, worsening shortness of breath. Therefore, patients should limit outdoor activities during peak heat hours, preferring cool, well-ventilated indoor spaces. While using fans or air conditioners, avoid drastic temperature differences to prevent respiratory thermal shock.

Patients must take their medication regularly and as prescribed, even when symptoms appear stable. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), a common cause of COPD exacerbations is the unsupervised reduction or discontinuation of medication during periods of weather change. Patients should always carry their rescue bronchodilators when outside and closely monitor for signs such as increased shortness of breath, changes in mucus color, or quantity to detect abnormalities early.

Respiratory exercises and light physical activity should continue, but patients need to adjust their timing. Avoid exercising at midday or when temperatures are excessively high. Diaphragmatic breathing and pursed-lip breathing exercises can be performed in a cool room, helping to stabilize breathing and reduce the sensation of breathlessness.

During hot seasons, COPD patients often experience fatigue and reduced appetite, leading to physical decline and weakened immunity. Their diet should provide sufficient energy, include plenty of green vegetables and fruits, and limit greasy, hard-to-digest foods to avoid increasing the respiratory burden.

Doctor Phong advises patients to attend regular follow-up appointments and adhere to their disease management plan, as this is a crucial factor. COPD is a progressive chronic disease, but it can be controlled if patients actively adjust their daily routines to suit the environment.

Nhat Thanh