Does abstinence weaken sperm?

To ensure successful conception, my husband said we should only have sex once on ovulation day. Will this frequency weaken sperm and reduce libido? (Tu, 26, Hanoi).

A reasonable frequency of sexual intercourse increases the chances of successful conception for couples. The idea of abstaining for an entire month to "save" sperm and then timing intimacy with ovulation is incorrect. Sperm remaining in the testes for too long can degenerate, reducing its quality and affecting fertility.

Each day, men's two testes continuously function like a factory, producing about 120 million sperm cells. These sperm are then primarily moved to and stored in the epididymis, vas deferens, and seminal vesicles.

Prolonged abstinence leads to sperm accumulation and congestion, causing epididymal pressure. This discomfort is a dull, persistent ache that gradually intensifies. This uncomfortable sensation only disappears when pressure in the testes is released through ejaculation.

Holding onto sperm for too long can lead to a buildup of dead sperm cells, potentially obstructing the seminiferous tubules, vas deferens, and epididymis. Long-term abstinence also disrupts the biological rhythm of secreting "happy" and stimulating hormones like dopamine, acetylcholine, and oxytocin. When an individual genuinely desires to resume sexual activity, the endocrine system may not respond as sensitively, making it difficult for men to achieve pleasure.

Furthermore, consistently suppressing sexual urges can create an inverse psychological reflex. Over time, the body may interpret sex as something to be restrained, leading to decreased libido and anorgasmia. Other potential risks include penile atrophy, sleep disturbances, fatigue, and depression.

Therefore, instead of extreme abstinence, men should maintain a moderate frequency of sexual activity or masturbation, combined with a healthy diet and regular exercise. Couples should avoid excessive pressure regarding conception, as pregnancy depends on various factors: ovulation timing, sperm quality, vaginal pH, and hormone levels.

To increase the chances of pregnancy, couples should maintain a relaxed mindset, ensure adequate nutrition, and avoid alcohol and tobacco. If a couple has regular, unprotected intercourse for one year without conceiving, they should seek medical consultation.