Prolonged exposure to electronic devices can significantly affect a child's mental well-being, manifesting in several ways, including sleep disturbances, reduced social engagement, exposure to inappropriate content, and feelings of inadequacy.

**Sleep disturbances**

The blue light emitted from smartphone screens can disrupt sleep patterns, especially when children use devices close to bedtime. Chronic sleep disturbances can lead to mood swings, irritability, reduced concentration, and ultimately impact overall mental health.

**Reduced physical activity and social interaction**

Children who frequently use electronic screens like phones and tablets often limit their physical activity and social interaction. This sedentary lifestyle and lack of social engagement can foster feelings of isolation and loneliness, negatively affecting their mental health.

**Inappropriate content exposure**

When children encounter negative content or misinformation online, their mental health can suffer, increasing the risk of stress, anxiety, or depression. They may also be more prone to imitating inappropriate behaviors, becoming more impulsive or aggressive.

**Low self-esteem and social comparison**

Children may compare themselves to peers with better achievements, which can lead to feelings of low self-esteem and shame. Extended screen time also contributes to increased stress and psychological pressure in children.

Signs that a child is affected by electronic screen use include easy irritability, erratic mood changes, and sudden outbursts of anger. Children may also experience difficulty concentrating, declining academic performance, headaches, eye strain, and neck pain. Sleep disturbances, such as difficulty falling asleep, waking up at night, and daytime sleepiness, are also common.

Parents play a crucial role in managing their children's smartphone usage to reduce the risk of stress and anxiety. Adults should implement several measures:

**Set clear screen time limits**: Parents should ensure children do not use phones for more than one to two hours daily for recreational purposes. Additionally, limit device use at least one to two hours before bedtime. Screen time should only extend longer when absolutely necessary, such as for online learning.

**Promote engaging activities**: Designate phone-free times and locations, for example: during meals and family gatherings.

**Have open discussions about phone use**: Discuss the effects of excessive use, helping children recognize when phone use becomes problematic.

**Monitor content and applications**: Ensure children use age-appropriate applications and avoid harmful or stressful content.

Le Nguyen (According to The Times of India)