Polyphasic sleep refers to a sleep schedule involving multiple sleep periods within a 24-hour cycle. This typically consists of several short naps during the day and a brief sleep at night, as opposed to a single long sleep period (monophasic sleep).

Polyphasic sleep schedules vary in type. The Uberman schedule involves six short naps, each lasting 20 to 30 minutes, spaced evenly throughout the day. The Everyman schedule combines a longer "core" sleep period of approximately three hours at night with two to three shorter naps during the day. The Dymaxion schedule consists of four 30-minute naps, spaced six hours apart, totaling only two hours of sleep.

Polyphasic sleep can lead to sleep deprivation and fatigue. *AI-generated image*.

Some individuals, particularly those working night shifts or overtime, opt for polyphasic sleep to extend wakefulness, boost productivity, and maintain alertness. Frequent awakenings following short daytime naps can support memory consolidation and the retention of new information. However, prolonged polyphasic sleep reduces overall sleep duration, disrupts the body's natural circadian rhythm, and negatively impacts both physical and mental health.

Sleep deprivation: Most polyphasic schedules prevent individuals from getting the recommended 7-9 hours of sleep each night. Chronic sleep deprivation impairs cognitive function, mood, and overall energy levels. Over time, this condition increases the risk of accidents and various health complications.

Circadian rhythm disruption: Interrupting sleep throughout the day can disrupt the body's natural sleep-wake cycle. This disruption negatively affects hormone regulation, digestion, and overall sleep quality, thereby increasing the risk of illness and difficulty achieving alertness upon waking.

Cognitive function and memory impairment: Short and irregular sleep periods weaken the ability to consolidate memories and make decisions. This negatively impacts learning or work performance and hinders problem-solving abilities.

Mental health risks: Polyphasic sleep leads to poor sleep quality, sleep deprivation, and an increased risk of depression, anxiety, and heightened stress responses. Disrupted sleep can also exacerbate pre-existing mental health conditions.

Cardiometabolic health issues: Chronic insomnia and circadian rhythm disruption are linked to increased blood pressure, type 2 diabetes, heart attack, stroke, and obesity. Maintaining adequate, regular sleep supports cardiovascular health and prevents overweight and obesity by stabilizing metabolism.

Immune system impairment: Insufficient sleep can reduce the body's ability to fight infections, increase inflammation, and make individuals more susceptible to bacterial and virus illnesses like influenza and the common cold. Prolonged sleep disruption also diminishes quality of life and increases the risk of cancer and stroke.

Hormonal imbalances and reproductive issues: Disrupted sleep can affect hormone regulation, impact egg development, and reduce fertility.

Anh Chi (According to Very Well Health)