Stress, a state of psychological tension, often arises when individuals face persistent pressure from work, studies, relationships, or life circumstances.

Doctor Hoang Quyet Tien from the Medical Information Center at Tam Anh General Hospital in Ho Chi Minh City, explains that prolonged stress directly impacts brain function, especially memory and emotions. Cortisol, a hormone released by the adrenal glands, helps the body adapt to threatening situations. When cortisol levels remain elevated for extended periods, brain regions responsible for memory and emotions are severely affected. The hippocampus and amygdala are the two structures most sensitive to cortisol.

The hippocampus plays a crucial role in storing memories and forming long-term memory. Cortisol's impact on this region reduces its volume and inhibits the development and connection between nerve cells. Consequently, individuals experiencing frequent stress tend to be forgetful, lose focus, and have diminished ability to remember or absorb new information. This can even affect young people facing constant pressure and lacking time for mental recovery.

The amygdala is responsible for processing emotions, particularly fear and anxiety. Chronic stress increases activity in the amygdala, leading to heightened emotional responses and increased anxiety, which further exacerbates stress.

The prefrontal cortex controls behavior, planning, problem-solving, and decision-making. Stress impairs activity in this area, making it difficult for individuals to think clearly, leading to emotional overwhelm, and reduced effectiveness in studying and working. A weakened prefrontal cortex diminishes emotional self-control, resulting in impulsive behavior, impatience, and errors in situations requiring alertness.

According to Dr. Tien, stress disrupts circadian rhythms and reduces sleep quality, leading to chronic insomnia. Sleep is essential for brain restoration and information processing. Sleep deprivation increases cortisol levels, creating a vicious cycle between stress and declining neurological function.

Transcranial magnetic stimulation treats anxiety disorders and insomnia. Photo: *Tam Anh General Hospital*

To manage stress, Dr. Tien recommends maintaining a healthy lifestyle, including regular sleep, limiting exposure to stressors, and seeking support from family or mental health professionals when needed. Regular exercise and social interaction can help alleviate pressure from work and family. A balanced diet is also crucial. Supplementing with natural extracts from blueberries and ginkgo biloba can combat free radicals, enhance blood flow to the brain, alleviate headaches and insomnia, and promote relaxation. Regular check-ups with neurology specialists are advised to monitor brain health and receive appropriate treatment.

Dinh Dieu