Hung developed a fever accompanied by parotitis. After a hospital visit, he was diagnosed with mumps. Although medication reduced his initial symptoms, he subsequently experienced swelling and pain in his right scrotal area. He then sought treatment at Tam Anh General Hospital - District 8. An ultrasound revealed that his right testicle was enlarged and more congested than his left, indicating ongoing inflammation. A complete blood count showed a slight increase in white blood cells, a typical bodily response to infection. Dr. Truong Nguyen Minh Tuan from the Andrology Unit diagnosed Hung with mumps orchitis, a common complication of the disease.
The doctor explained that the mumps virus enters the testicles via the bloodstream, triggering an inflammatory response that causes swelling and edema. This can increase pressure within the testicle, directly damaging cells responsible for sperm and testosterone production, eventually leading to testicular atrophy. Following the acute inflammatory phase, cell damage and ischemia can result in testicular atrophy. The seminiferous tubules are destroyed, and interstitial tissue becomes fibrotic, causing damage that affects fertility and reduces testosterone production. Untreated, patients may face infertility.
The doctor prescribed anti-inflammatory medication to alleviate pain, reduce swelling, and manage the inflammation in the testicle. Additionally, Hung received vitamin supplements to boost his immune system and support recovery. He was scheduled for a follow-up appointment and an ultrasound to assess for atrophy. Hung was advised to isolate, wear a mask, and wash his hands frequently to prevent mumps transmission to others during the acute phase of the illness.
Mumps virus-induced orchitis is common in males after puberty. Inflammation typically develops 4-7 days after the onset of mumps symptoms, such as fever and parotid gland swelling. Other viruses, including coxsackie, adeno, and rubella, can also cause orchitis, though less frequently. The condition can also result from: bacterial infections, sexually transmitted infections, urinary tract infections, trauma, or autoimmune diseases.
Common symptoms of the condition include high fever, swelling and pain in one or both testicles, nausea, headache, and fatigue. Currently, there is no specific antiviral treatment for the mumps virus. Management focuses on symptom relief, including rest and cold compresses to reduce swelling and pain.
Dr. Tuan recommends the mumps vaccine as the most effective preventive measure. Males who contract mumps should seek complete medical examination and treatment at healthcare facilities, adhere to their doctor's prescribed regimen, and avoid self-treating to prevent complications like orchitis.
Dinh Lam
*Patient's name has been changed
