A healthy body regulates blood sugar levels by releasing insulin from the pancreas, which converts glucose into energy. However, in individuals with diabetes, this blood sugar control mechanism malfunctions.

A safe blood sugar range for people with diabetes is typically between 80 and 130 mg/dL. Diabetic shock, also known as hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia, disrupts this balance. Hyperglycemic shock occurs when blood sugar levels exceed the amount of insulin available for energy conversion. Conversely, hypoglycemic shock happens when blood sugar falls below the level needed for insulin to effectively produce energy.

The symptoms of hyperglycemic and hypoglycemic shock differ.

Hypoglycemic shock can occur if a person with diabetes skips meals, doesn't eat enough, exercises more than usual, vomits, or takes too much insulin. This condition is more common in people with type 1 diabetes.

When blood contains more insulin than glucose, the body's cells lack sufficient energy. Low blood sugar can lead to weakness, confusion, and difficulty walking. Other symptoms include damp or sweaty skin, increased anxiety or stress, pale complexion, nausea, rapid heartbeat, irritability or clumsiness, and dizziness. Untreated, hypoglycemic shock can cause seizures, diabetic coma, and even death.

Hyperglycemic shock can occur if a person with diabetes doesn't use enough insulin, exercises less than usual, consumes excessive sweets, or eats high-glycemic, fatty foods. Symptoms include high blood sugar, extreme thirst or dry mouth, frequent urination, flushed or dry skin, nausea, vomiting or abdominal pain, and shortness of breath.

When blood glucose levels are too high, the body cannot convert it all into energy. Instead, it burns fat, producing ketones. Ketone buildup increases the body's acidity, leading to side effects such as confusion and diabetic coma.

The American Diabetes Association recommends the 15-15 rule for managing hypoglycemia: consume 15 grams of fast-acting carbohydrates and wait 15 minutes to check if blood sugar has stabilized. Fast-acting carbohydrates include three pieces of candy, half a cup of juice or sugary water, or one tablespoon of sugar.

Managing diabetes involves a healthy diet prioritizing green vegetables and lean protein while limiting sugar and processed meats. Regular exercise, maintaining a healthy weight, monitoring blood sugar, and taking prescribed medication are also essential.

Anh Chi (According to Very Well Health)