Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is the abrupt cessation of heart and circulatory function, leading to immediate loss of consciousness and potential death if not promptly resuscitated. Contrary to popular belief, SCD is not exclusive to older individuals; statistics indicate the 12-39 age group remains at risk, with men affected more frequently than women. This is a critical concern because approximately 60% of sudden death cases in young people result in death before reaching a hospital. The primary reasons are often the absence of a witness or lack of timely cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), insufficient automated external defibrillators (AEDs) in public spaces, and the misidentification of fainting or seizures as common neurological conditions.
Unlike in older adults, where it is often caused by coronary artery atherosclerosis, sudden death in young people typically links to underlying conditions. These include: cardiomyopathy and congenital structural heart disease; myocarditis (often post-viral infection); coronary artery anomalies; and inherited arrhythmia syndromes. In such cases, an automated external defibrillator (AED), if used early, can significantly improve a patient's chance of survival.
Doctors from Bach Mai Hospital's A9 Emergency Center, drawing from recorded clinical cases, emphasize the importance of early intervention. If CPR is initiated immediately and early defibrillation is performed, survival rates increase significantly, with over 90% of survivors achieving good neurological function recovery.
Early warning signs
Before sudden death occurs, many young people experience symptoms but dismiss them, attributing them to "just being tired" or "work stress." Common warning signs include:
- Palpitations, abnormally rapid heartbeat
- Chest pain, chest tightness
- Fainting, dizziness, collapse
- Seizures (easily mistaken for epilepsy or stroke)
Young men exhibiting these symptoms should seek early cardiovascular examination, especially if symptoms appear at rest or during sleep – times when a high percentage of cardiac arrest cases occur.
Preventing sudden cardiac death in young people
Experts advise that preventing sudden death is not solely the responsibility of the medical field but requires proactive efforts from individuals and the community. For young people, it is crucial not to ignore abnormal cardiovascular symptoms. Seek a cardiovascular examination if there is a history of unexplained fainting, chest pain, or palpitations. Consider cardiovascular and genetic screening if there is a family history of early sudden death. Additionally, avoid abusing stimulants and unverified medications.
The community needs to popularize CPR skills for cardiac arrest emergencies and increase the placement of AEDs in public places, schools, and gyms. Raising awareness that fainting and seizures in young people are not always "benign" is also vital.
Sudden death in young people is rare but not entirely unpreventable. With early recognition, proper emergency care, and avoiding hasty conclusions, many lives can be saved.
Le Nga
