People with diabetes face a high risk of foot diseases and complications. This is primarily due to prolonged high blood sugar, which damages the nerves in the feet. Over time, this damage extends to the myelin sheath, the protective covering of nerves, hindering the transmission of sensory signals from the feet to the brain.

Uncontrolled hyperglycemia can also narrow small blood vessels, reducing the supply of oxygen and essential nutrients to the nerves in the feet. This weakens the nerves and results in a loss of sensation. Consequently, patients often find it difficult to detect minor injuries like burns or scratches. Without proper foot care, these unnoticed injuries can worsen, leading to severe inflammation, delayed healing, and an increased risk of necrosis.

Taking medication as prescribed helps control blood sugar. Photo: Anh Chi

Taking medication as prescribed helps control blood sugar. Photo: Anh Chi

Foot and toe ulcers are common problems for people with diabetes, according to EveryDay Health. These sores often develop in areas where the feet frequently rub or press against footwear or other surfaces.

Diabetes can damage blood vessels and reduce blood flow in the feet. This impairment slows the healing process significantly, creating an environment where infections can easily spread to surrounding tissues.

Elevated blood sugar and sweat create a favorable environment for fungi and bacteria to thrive. When patients have reduced or lost sensation in their feet, they may not detect minor scratches or injuries, providing an entry point for fungal infections.

Blood vessel damage caused by high blood sugar weakens the supply of oxygen and nutrients to the extremities and nails. This diminishes the body's ability to resist bacteria and fungi. People with diabetes may experience various nail problems, including discoloration (white, yellow, brown, bluish-black), thickened, brittle, or easily cracked nails. They may also suffer from ingrown nails, blood clots under the nails, and pus around the nails and between the toes.

According to Very Well Health, untreated foot infections can lead to necrosis. Symptoms of necrosis include the skin on the feet turning purple or black, swelling, redness, and foul-smelling pus.

To reduce the risk of diabetic foot complications, patients need to maintain stable blood sugar levels. This involves adhering to a diet low in sugar and fat, while increasing consumption of green vegetables, lean protein, and low-sugar fruits. Regular exercise, stress reduction, and taking prescribed medication correctly are also crucial for keeping blood sugar stable.

People with diabetes should regularly check their feet and clean them with warm water to avoid missing any scratches or injuries. After bathing, it is important to dry the feet thoroughly with a towel, especially between the toes, and apply moisturizer to any dry skin. Patients should avoid cutting their nails too short or wearing tight footwear.

Anh Chi (Compiled)