Response:

Based on your description, the black dots, fine threads, or cobweb-like shapes that float in front of your eyes, especially when looking at a bright background like the sky or a white wall, are known as "eye floaters." This phenomenon is often associated with changes in the vitreous humor as part of the aging process. However, floaters can also signal retinal damage or internal eye bleeding, which require urgent medical attention.

The vitreous humor is a clear, gel-like substance located between the lens and the retina. It allows light to pass through to the retina. Over time, the vitreous can liquefy, causing fibers within it to clump together or the vitreous to detach from the retinal surface. These structural changes make individuals perceive moving black dots, fine threads, or cloudy areas that shift with their gaze.

Eye floaters are common in middle-aged and older adults, individuals with severe myopia, or those who have undergone eye surgery. Many cases are benign and do not require treatment. However, if symptoms appear suddenly or change unusually, an eye examination is necessary to rule out dangerous conditions such as retinal tears or detachment.

When the vitreous humor shrinks or detaches from the retina, the pulling force can tear this delicate tissue layer. If fluid passes through the tear and accumulates behind the retina, the retina can detach from its normal position. Untreated retinal detachment can lead to permanent vision loss.

A technician at the High-Tech Eye Center examines a patient's vision. Illustration: Tam Anh General Hospital

The sudden appearance of numerous black spots or cloudy areas can also indicate a vitreous hemorrhage. This is a complication of diabetic retinopathy, where abnormal blood vessels in the retina become fragile and bleed. Vitreous hemorrhage can also be linked to eye trauma or other retinal vascular diseases.

The extent of vision impairment depends on the amount of blood and the underlying cause of the hemorrhage. If many black spots appear suddenly or vision decreases, individuals should not wait for symptoms to resolve on their own but should seek early medical attention.

Individuals with severe myopia, older adults, those with a history of eye surgery or trauma, and people with diabetes should visit an eye specialist at a hospital if they experience any unusual signs, especially persistent black spots accompanied by flashes of light. A doctor will perform a vision test and a fundus examination to observe the retina for signs of tears, detachment, or hemorrhage.

Master of Science, Doctor Le Thanh Huyen

High-Tech Eye Center

Tam Anh General Hospital Hanoi