Answer:

The nose and mouth serve as the two primary pathways for air to enter the lungs. Breathing is vital for supplying the body with essential oxygen and expelling carbon dioxide. When breathing through the nose, cilia and the mucous membrane inside trap dust, bacteria, and allergens, thereby protecting the lungs from potential infection. Nasal breathing also helps maintain a slow, steady rhythm, which keeps carbon dioxide levels stable, supporting healthy blood circulation and blood pressure control.

Air is warmed and humidified to body temperature by the nose before it enters the lungs, preventing dryness and irritation in the airways. This process also releases nitric oxide (NO), a substance that dilates blood vessels, helping to widen their diameter and improve systemic oxygen circulation.

When nasal congestion obstructs airflow through the nasal passages, individuals often resort to mouth breathing. Unlike nasal breathing, air entering through the mouth is not warmed, humidified, or filtered of dust. This can easily lead to dry mouth, a sore throat, and irritation of the upper respiratory tract lining.

The habit of mouth breathing contributes to increased snoring and can worsen sleep apnea syndrome, placing stress on the cardiovascular system and raising the risk of high blood pressure. Furthermore, prolonged mouth breathing often causes dry mouth, bad breath, and increases susceptibility to oral diseases such as gingivitis, tooth decay, and periodontal disease. In developing children, persistent mouth breathing can negatively impact craniofacial development, leading to changes in bite and facial structure.

Dr. Linh advises a patient. Illustration: Tam Anh General Hospital

Dr. Linh advises a patient. Illustration: Tam Anh General Hospital

Mouth breathing for a short period due to a cold or rhinitis is typically not dangerous. However, if nasal congestion persists and necessitates continuous mouth breathing, you should consult specialized ear, nose, and throat medical facilities for a professional examination.

Chronic nasal congestion can indicate underlying conditions such as rhinosinusitis, allergic rhinitis, nasal polyps, a deviated septum, or turbinate hypertrophy. Correct diagnosis and treatment of the root cause are essential to reduce nasal congestion and limit mouth breathing.

Dr. Chau Tra Linh, Specialist I

Ear, Nose, and Throat Center

Tam Anh General Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City