Watching New Year's Eve fireworks with family is a cherished moment. To ensure a safe and enjoyable experience, parents need to be aware of potential risks to children's health, such as loud noise, smoke, and crowded environments.

Fireworks can produce sounds ranging from 150 to 175 decibels, significantly exceeding the safe hearing threshold of 85 decibels. Children's ears are delicate and sensitive, making them vulnerable to damage to the eardrum and inner ear structures from intense noise. This exposure can lead to ringing in the ears, ear pain, hearing loss, dizziness, or abnormal sound sensitivity.

To protect their hearing, parents should have children wear soft earplugs or noise-canceling headphones. If these aren't available, parents can cover their child's ears during loud explosions. Maintain a safe viewing distance of at least 150-200 meters to safeguard hearing and prevent burn risks.

Falling embers and sparks can cause skin burns and pose a risk to eyes if children stand too close. Parents should dress their children in long-sleeved clothing made from natural cotton (avoiding synthetic fabrics that are easily flammable) and a hat. In case of a burn, immediately rinse the affected area with cool water for 10-20 minutes, do not apply anything to the skin, and take the child to the nearest medical facility for assistance.

Fireworks smoke contains harmful chemicals, including fine dust (PM2.5, PM10), heavy metals, and other compounds that can irritate the respiratory tract. Parents should have children wear fine dust masks and stand upwind to minimize inhalation of hazardous particles from the smoke.

The loud noise of fireworks can affect children's ears. Illustration: Tran Quynh

Fireworks viewing areas are often crowded, facilitating the rapid spread of pathogens, especially respiratory and digestive illnesses. The transitional weather, often cold and dry, can make children prone to respiratory infections. Children should wear medical masks, dress warmly, and avoid standing near individuals who are coughing or sneezing. Parents should carry hand sanitizer or antiseptic wipes for hygiene and remind children not to touch their face or put their hands in their mouth.

Children with weaker immune systems should avoid overly crowded places and limit their time watching fireworks. If a child shows symptoms such as ear pain or a high fever, parents should take them to the hospital promptly for examination.

Dr. Nguyen Dong Bao Chau

Department of Pediatrics, Tam Anh General Hospital, TP HCM