The American Dental Association (ADA) recommends brushing two times daily for two minutes each time. However, many mistakenly believe that brushing harder and longer leads to cleaner teeth. In reality, this "aggressive brushing" habit causes irreversible damage.

Illustration: Health

Local consequences: enamel erosion and gum recession

Applying excessive force for extended periods directly causes cervical abrasion, a V-shaped notch near the gumline. This condition exposes the yellowish dentin layer beneath, leading to aesthetic concerns and tooth sensitivity to hot and cold temperatures.

More seriously, incorrect brushing accelerates gum recession, exposing the tooth roots. This opens a gateway for bacteria to attack, increasing the risk of tooth decay and periodontitis. If you notice bleeding while brushing, it may indicate excessive force or an early sign of gingivitis.

Risks to cardiovascular and brain health

Poor oral hygiene does not only affect the mouth but also relates closely to overall systemic health. Many studies indicate that bacteria causing gum disease can enter the bloodstream, contributing to atherosclerotic plaques and increasing the risk of heart disease and stroke.

Additionally, periodontal problems and oral infections also link to Alzheimer's syndrome. Individuals with chronic gingivitis often face a higher risk of memory decline compared to others. Therefore, proper oral cleaning is a crucial step to protect brain health in old age.

Dental-standard brushing technique

To ensure benefits without harm, prioritize a soft-bristled toothbrush or an electric toothbrush for better pressure control.

When brushing, position the toothbrush at a 45-degree angle to the gumline. Instead of a sawing motion, use gentle vibrating or short circular strokes. The standard process should last at least two minutes, with 30 seconds allocated for each quadrant of the mouth. Remember to replace your toothbrush every three months or when the bristles fray to ensure hygiene.

Special considerations for specific groups

Brushing frequency and method may vary depending on individual conditions:

Individuals with braces: Brush after every meal, including snacks. Use interdental brushes and a water flosser to clean around the brackets.

Pregnant women: If experiencing morning sickness and vomiting, do not brush immediately. Stomach acid can soften tooth enamel, and brushing right away will cause rapid enamel erosion. According to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), you should rinse your mouth with plain water or a mixture of one teaspoon of baking soda dissolved in one cup of water to neutralize the acid, then wait about 30 minutes before brushing.

Elderly individuals/those with limited mobility: Use an electric toothbrush or toothbrushes with specially designed handles for easier manipulation.

Nhat Minh (According to Health, ADA)