Satellite imagery, analyzed on 22/2 by Western military experts, indicates China has likely launched its next-generation Type-095 nuclear submarine. The vessel is currently docked at the equipment installation area of Bohai Shipyard in Huludao city, Liaoning province, northeast China.

H. I. Sutton, a military and submarine warfare expert, noted, "The Type-095 class incorporates a new design to reduce acoustic signatures and boasts advanced attack capabilities. A standout feature is its X-shaped stern planes, enhancing maneuverability—a first for a Chinese submarine."

The Type-095 appears to utilize a pump-jet propulsion system, previously seen on the Type-093B nuclear submarine.

The Type-095 class submarine in a photo of Bohai Shipyard in Liaoning province, China on 9/2. Photo: Vantor

This pump-jet design offers advantages such as higher speed and lower noise compared to traditional propellers, thereby boosting the submarine's stealth. It also provides greater efficiency across all speed ranges and benefits operations in shallow or coastal waters. However, pump-jet systems are typically heavier, more complex, and more costly than conventional propeller engines.

The new Chinese submarine might have transitioned from sail-mounted dive planes to hull-mounted ones, which could reduce friction and noise at high speeds. However, Naval News highlighted that this information remains unconfirmed due to the lack of clear images.

The Type-095 is estimated to be 110 m long, similar to the Type-093 class. With a width of 12-13 m and a displacement of 9,000 tons, it is larger than the Type-093's 10 m width and 7,000 tons. This substantial increase in size suggests China has adopted a single-hull design, providing more internal space and enhancing the vessel's sound insulation.

Satellite images also show the area behind the Type-095's sail nearing completion, likely intended for vertical launch tubes. These tubes could house various missiles, including China's recently unveiled hypersonic weapons.

"Despite its modest length, the Type-095 could carry 12-16 vertical launch tubes, fewer than Russia's Yasen-M or America's extended Virginia class. Nevertheless, equipping it with YJ-17 or YJ-20 hypersonic anti-ship missiles would make the Type-095 class a significant threat," Sutton assessed.

Simulation of China's Type-095 class nuclear submarine. Graphic: H. I. Sutton

The Type-095 is also capable of carrying up to 40 torpedoes, comparable to warships of similar size. Its design and weapon configuration are expected to undergo continuous adjustments in the coming years.

Experts view the Type-095 as a major technological advancement, enabling China to narrow the submarine warfare gap with the U.S. Sutton stated, "The Type-095 is designed to match the capabilities of America's and Russia's third-generation submarines, including the Virginia class in service with the U.S. Navy. China's objective is to transform its submarine fleet from a force known for being noisy underwater to one that meets the standards of global naval powers."

Nguyen Tien (according to SCMP, AP, AFP)