For 16 years, Nhi experienced uncontrolled urination two to three times every night. Despite this, comprehensive tests, including urine and blood analyses, kidney function assessment, and urinary system ultrasound at Tam Anh General Hospital TP HCM, all showed normal results. Doctors ultimately diagnosed Nhi with primary enuresis, a type of urinary disorder affecting children and adolescents. This condition manifests as involuntary urination during nighttime sleep, even without physical damage to the urinary system. It is a functional disorder, primarily related to the incomplete coordination between bladder control mechanisms, sleep patterns, and hormones.

Nocturnal enuresis, commonly known as bedwetting, is the involuntary urination during sleep in children over 5 years old. Associate Professor Doctor Vu Huy Tru, Head of Pediatrics at Tam Anh General Hospital TP HCM, emphasizes the need for a thorough evaluation to confirm the diagnosis and distinguish between primary and secondary enuresis. Approximately 80% of cases are primary enuresis, often linked to factors such as: genetics, small bladder capacity, immature brain control mechanisms, or a disorder in the secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH).

Associate Professor Tru examines a child patient at Tam Anh General Hospital TP HCM. Photo: Trung Vu

Initially, Nhi attempted lifestyle changes, such as limiting fluid intake in the evening, urinating before bed, and maintaining a regular daily schedule, but her condition did not improve. Doctors then prescribed a combined treatment involving medication and continued lifestyle adjustments. The medication works by reducing nighttime urine production through a mechanism similar to antidiuretic hormone, helping to alleviate bedwetting. Associate Professor Tru strongly advises family members not to scold or pressure patients, as this negative reinforcement can prolong the bedwetting.

After one month of treatment, Nhi returned for a follow-up. Her kidney function and electrolyte tests were within normal limits, her bedwetting had stopped, and her quality of life improved significantly.

Associate Professor Tru cited studies indicating that the prevalence of bedwetting gradually decreases with age: approximately 16% in 5-year-olds, 10% in 7-year-olds, and about 1% in those over 15. Children over 5 who still experience involuntary urination during sleep should be examined to determine the cause and receive appropriate treatment. A combination of medication, lifestyle adjustments, and regular follow-ups is key to controlling symptoms and limiting recurrence.

Minh Tam