Eye infections are primarily caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites. Poor contact lens hygiene is also a common cause of eye infections.

Not all eye infections are contagious. The level of contagion depends on the cause and the affected part of the eye. Bacterial or viral infections are highly contagious, spreading through direct contact, eye discharge, or sharing items with an infected individual. Some infections resolve in a few days, while others may take several weeks.

Blepharitis

Blepharitis is inflammation of the eyelid margins, caused by bacteria or skin conditions like seborrheic dermatitis or rosacea. Those affected may experience a gritty sensation, red, swollen eyelids, and crusting. It is a common condition that causes discomfort but usually does not reduce vision.

Conjunctivitis

Conjunctivitis, also known as pink eye, can make eyes appear pink or red. It is often caused by viruses, bacteria, or allergic reactions. Viral or bacterial conjunctivitis is usually contagious, causing itchy, red eyes with sticky discharge. Allergic conjunctivitis occurs when eyes react to irritants like pollen or dust, leading to intense itching and watery eyes.

Keratitis

Keratitis is an infection or inflammation of the cornea, causing pain, redness, watery eyes, and blurred vision. Causes often include improper contact lens use and eye injuries. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to prevent permanent eye damage from scarring.

Uveitis

Uveitis occurs in the inner tissue layer of the eye, typically around the iris or the back of the eye. Patients may experience significant pain, light sensitivity, red eyes, and blurred vision. Causes include infections, autoimmune diseases, or trauma. If left untreated, it can lead to vision loss.

Endophthalmitis

Endophthalmitis is a severe internal eye condition that develops after eye injury or surgery. This infection can cause intense pain, red eyes, discharge, and even vision loss, requiring prompt treatment. Treatments often involve injecting antibiotics or antifungals into the eye, with some cases needing surgery.

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