A foreign body sensation in the eye often stems from relatively benign causes that might resolve on their own, but some cases require immediate medical attention. The following are conditions that cause a persistent foreign body sensation.

Dry eyes

Dry eyes are a common cause of a foreign body sensation, burning, or grittiness in the eye. This condition occurs when the eyes do not produce enough tears or when tears evaporate too quickly, leading to inadequate lubrication of the ocular surface. Beyond the foreign body sensation, patients may experience redness, blurred vision, excessive tearing, or increased discomfort when reading or using computers.

Treatment typically involves artificial tears, warm compresses, eyelid hygiene, and addressing any underlying causes.

Dry eyes can cause a foreign body sensation, burning, or irritation. *AI-generated image*.

Conjunctivitis

Conjunctivitis, caused by viruses, bacteria, or allergens, can also make individuals feel a persistent foreign body sensation or irritation in their eyes. In addition to this sensation, patients often have red eyes, tearing, excessive discharge, or itching. Treatment varies based on the cause and may include antibiotic eye drops, antihistamine medications, or supportive care.

Blepharitis

Blepharitis is a chronic inflammation of the eyelid margins, often linked to Meibomian gland dysfunction or bacteria. This condition can cause a foreign body sensation, itching, burning, red eyes, crusting at the base of the eyelashes, and tearing. Symptoms often worsen in the morning. Treatment primarily involves daily eyelid hygiene, warm compresses, and prescribed medication if necessary.

Ingrown eyelashes (trichiasis/entropion)

When eyelashes grow inward or the eyelid turns inward (entropion), the lashes constantly rub against the cornea. This causes patients to feel a persistent foreign body sensation, accompanied by pain, tearing, and red eyes. If prolonged, this can lead to corneal abrasions or ulcers. Depending on the severity, a doctor may remove the eyelashes, redirect their growth, or perform eyelid surgery.

Corneal ulcer

A corneal ulcer is a serious condition, often resulting from bacterial, viral, or fungal infections, or improper contact lens use. Typical signs include severe eye pain, blurred vision, redness, excessive tearing, light sensitivity, and a foreign body sensation. This condition requires urgent treatment due to the risk of corneal scarring, permanent vision loss, or complete blindness if delayed.

Patients should seek medical attention if a foreign body sensation does not improve after rinsing the eye, especially if accompanied by severe pain, decreased vision, persistent redness, excessive discharge, light sensitivity, or if there is suspicion of a metallic or chemical foreign object in the eye.

Bao Bao (compiled)