Gallstones primarily form due to an imbalance in bile components, mainly cholesterol, bilirubin, and calcium/bile salts. Genetic factors and certain microbiome changes can also increase the risk of gallstones.

Gallstones typically reside in the gallbladder and sometimes move into the bile ducts. They can remain asymptomatic for years, often discovered incidentally during an abdominal ultrasound.

The decision to treat depends on stone size, gallbladder and bile duct characteristics, and individual risk factors. Most patients with small, asymptomatic gallstones located within the gallbladder do not require immediate treatment. For your case, regular monitoring as advised by your doctor is recommended.

In some instances, asymptomatic gallstones may warrant intervention if ultrasound or other tests reveal abnormalities that increase the risk of complications or gallbladder cancer.

You should not self-medicate with the aim of dissolving gallstones. Instead, follow your doctor's treatment instructions and prescriptions.

If gallstones cause pain or other symptoms like nausea or digestive upset, patients should seek medical attention. A doctor can identify the cause and consider appropriate treatment. This may include endoscopic cholecystectomy to remove the source of stone formation and reduce the risk of recurring pain.

If gallstones from the gallbladder fall into the common bile duct, causing an obstruction, doctors must accurately assess the stone's location and provide different treatment recommendations.

A doctor performs an ultrasound to assess a patient's gallstones. *Illustration: Tam Anh General Hospital*

If there is no indication for gallbladder gallstone treatment, you can maintain normal daily activities and diet without excessive restrictions. Concurrently, maintain a healthy weight, exercise regularly, prioritize green vegetables, fruits, legumes, and whole grains, and limit foods high in sugar, refined carbohydrates, and fried items. These habits help reduce the risk of gallstone formation and benefit overall health.

Dr. Doan Bich Hang

Department of Gastroenterology - Hepatobiliary - Pancreatology

Tam Anh General Hospital Hanoi