Dr. Pham Thi Ngoc Linh, from the Neurology Center at Bach Mai Hospital, states that carpal tunnel syndrome is the most common peripheral nerve condition affecting the hand. Anatomically, the carpal tunnel is structured like a narrow tunnel, formed by bones and a transverse ligament, containing the median nerve and finger flexor tendons. The median nerve controls sensation in the palm of the hand; when subjected to compressive pressure, it can cause inflammation, pain, and muscle weakness.
According to Dr. Linh, at rest, pressure within the carpal tunnel remains at 2-10 mmHg. However, excessive wrist flexion or extension can cause this figure to surge 8-10 times. While short-term compression may resolve spontaneously, continuous elevated pressure can lead to irreversible nerve damage.
The condition often progresses subtly from mild to severe. In its early stages, patients experience numbness and paresthesia, described as a "pins and needles" sensation, in the thumb, index, and middle fingers. This numbness typically worsens at night, disrupting sleep and often requiring patients to shake their hands or change positions for relief. Symptoms intensify during long-distance moped rides or prolonged pressure-bearing activities.
In later stages, the hand becomes clumsy, and grip strength diminishes, making fine motor tasks such as buttoning shirts or writing difficult, and objects are frequently dropped. The most serious sign indicating severe nerve damage is thenar muscle atrophy, which is the muscle mass at the base of the thumb.
Dr. Linh notes that carpal tunnel syndrome can affect anyone, but it is most common in individuals aged 40-60, with a higher incidence in women than men. High-risk groups include those whose professions involve continuous repetitive wrist movements, such as office workers, artisans, garment workers, and carpenters. Additionally, postpartum women who frequently carry infants or individuals with underlying conditions like diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, or hypothyroidism should also be vigilant.
Experts advise individuals to seek medical attention immediately if hand numbness or pain persists for several weeks, causes sleep disturbances, or if signs of muscle atrophy or hand weakness appear. Early detection and intervention help prevent severe complications and preserve hand function.
Le Nga
