Prostate cancer is a common malignancy among men, particularly those over 50. According to Dr. Pham Thanh Truc, a Master and Second-Degree Specialist at the Center for Urology - Nephrology - Andrology, Tam Anh General Hospital TP HCM, while genetic factors and age play significant roles, unhealthy lifestyles and habits can increase the risk of developing the disease or accelerate its progression.

**Unhealthy Dietary Choices**

A diet high in salt and fat, coupled with low vegetable intake, significantly impacts prostate health. Frequent consumption of red meats like beef, pork, lamb, or processed meats such as sausages and cured meats is a common factor harming the prostate. Dr. Truc explains that the high fat content in these foods stimulates the body to produce more testosterone and insulin-like growth factors (IGF-1), directly promoting abnormal division of prostate cells. High-temperature cooking methods, such as grilling or frying, create harmful compounds like heterocyclic amines and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. These compounds can bind to DNA, causing malignant cell mutations. Moreover, excessive red meat consumption leads to chronic inflammation, weakening the natural immune barrier and creating a favorable environment for cancer cells to establish themselves.

Conversely, a low intake of green vegetables and fruits results in a deficiency of important antioxidants like lycopene and selenium. These micronutrients protect cell structures, helping prevent the formation of malignant tumors. Additionally, consuming excessive salt or calcium puts pressure on the excretory system, risking prolonged prostate inflammation and making the organ vulnerable to damage.

Dr. Truc examines a patient. Photo: Tam Anh General Hospital

**Alcohol and Tobacco Abuse**

Smoking not only causes lung cancer but also directly affects the urinary system. Toxins in tobacco, upon entering the bloodstream, alter the metabolism of prostate cells and impair the body's immune ability to destroy foreign cells. Similarly, regular alcohol consumption causes chronic inflammation, creating a favorable environment for malignant tumors to initiate and spread.

**Sedentary Lifestyle**

Prolonged sitting puts pressure on the pelvic area, leading to poor blood circulation and the accumulation of harmful metabolites in the prostate. Overweight and obesity often result in hormonal imbalances, increasing levels of insulin and insulin-like growth factors, which are substances that promote cancer cell growth.

**Insufficient Hydration and Holding Urine**

Many men habitually hold their urine or drink too little water daily, placing significant pressure on the bladder and prostate. Chronic prostatitis, if not thoroughly treated due to poor hygiene habits or unsafe sexual practices, can also lead to long-term precancerous changes.

**Prevention and Early Detection**

Dr. Truc emphasizes that early-stage prostate cancer often presents no clear symptoms. To prevent the disease, men should adopt a plant-rich diet, prioritizing cruciferous vegetables and ripe tomatoes. Maintaining physical activity for at least 30 minutes daily helps control weight and stabilize hormones, while also minimizing tobacco and alcohol use. Men over 50 should proactively undergo regular screening with PSA blood tests and prostate ultrasounds. Early detection of abnormal changes, before clinical symptoms appear, allows for effective treatment and reduced complications. Delaying examinations until the tumor has progressed to advanced stages or metastasized means missing the "golden window" for treatment.

Bao Anh