Cholesterol, a waxy substance in the blood, is vital for healthy cell development and hormone production. Yet, an imbalance, either too high or too low, leads to blood fat disorders, a cause of serious conditions like coronary embolism, myocardial infarction, cerebral ischemia, and stroke.
The liver is the primary site of cholesterol production. This process follows a natural circadian rhythm, peaking at night when dietary cholesterol absorption is lowest. Enzymes like HMG-CoA reductase, responsible for cholesterol synthesis, become more active at night. Master of Science, Doctor Phan Thi My Hanh, of the Cardiology Department at Tam Anh District 7 General Clinic, explains that blood fat medication works by blocking HMG-CoA reductase, thus reducing the liver's cholesterol output. Patients should follow these guidelines to maximize treatment effectiveness.
Do not take medication prescribed for others
Doctor Hanh warns that many patients bypass professional diagnosis and prescription for blood fat disorders, instead purchasing medication based on others' prescriptions due to perceived similar medical histories. Cholesterol-lowering drugs are classified into several groups by their mechanism of action, including statins, fibrates, niacin, renin inhibitors, cholesterol absorption inhibitors, and omega-3 unsaturated fatty acids. Doctors tailor prescriptions to each patient, considering age, gender, weight, physical condition, and co-existing conditions. Using another person's blood fat medication can easily worsen one's health.
Take medication at the same time
The optimal time for blood fat medication varies by type. Short-acting statins are often advised for evening or bedtime, aligning the drug's effect with the body's peak nocturnal cholesterol synthesis. Long-acting statins, with a longer half-life, remain in the body for an extended period, allowing patients to take them consistently at any time of day.
For other cholesterol-lowering drug groups, timing is flexible. Yet, once a time is chosen, patients should maintain it daily to ensure stable drug concentrations and prevent missed doses.
Do not discontinue medication without approval
Doctors typically prescribe blood fat medication in cycles. Following each cycle, patients undergo re-testing of their lipid levels to assess effectiveness and allow for adjustments. If blood fat levels reach a safe range and the patient faces no risk of myocardial infarction or stroke, they may discontinue medication under a doctor's guidance, but regular follow-up appointments are still necessary.
If blood fat levels remain high, or if a patient has a history of myocardial infarction, stroke, or underlying conditions (cardiovascular disease, diabetes, kidney disease), long-term medication is mandatory. Discontinuing medication without approval can cause blood fat levels to rise, increasing the risk of stroke and myocardial infarction.
Be aware of drug and supplement interactions
Some blood fat medications may interact with vitamins, dietary supplements, herbal remedies, grapefruit, or other prescribed drugs. Patients should therefore inform their doctor about all current and past medications to receive an appropriate blood fat-lowering prescription.
Combine medication with a healthy lifestyle
A healthy lifestyle is central to controlling blood fat and optimizing medication effectiveness. Patients should limit saturated fats from animal products and fried foods, avoid trans fats in fast food and sweets, and increase fiber intake from vegetables, fruits, and oats. Prioritize fatty fish like salmon, tuna, and mackerel. Engage in at least 30 minutes of physical activity daily. Maintain a healthy weight (BMI below 23). Avoid alcohol, refrain from smoking, manage stress, get enough sleep, and treat any underlying medical conditions.
Thu Ha
