Tonsils, large lymphatic tissues on either side of the throat, activate immune responses against pathogens entering the body through the nose and mouth. Their constant exposure to disease-causing agents makes them prone to inflammation.

Both chronic tonsillitis and tonsil stones can cause bad breath. When tonsils are inflamed, bacteria thrive and break down organic matter, producing volatile sulfur compounds that create a foul odor. Chronic tonsillitis leads to enlarged tonsil crypts, allowing bacteria, food debris, and shed epithelial cells to accumulate. These substances continue to produce odor as they decompose.

Doctor Phuc Anh consulting a patient. *Photo: Tam Anh General Hospital*.

During acute episodes or flare-ups of chronic tonsillitis, inflammation increases white blood cell production and forms pus, further promoting bacterial growth and the release of odor-causing substances, worsening bad breath.

Signs of bad breath originating from tonsils include a strong odor, a sensation of something stuck in the throat, swollen tonsils, and the presence of small particles or tiny debris in the mouth. Patients often experience a sore throat, difficulty swallowing, hoarseness, and swelling or pain in the neck area.

Bad breath caused by tonsillitis differs from that originating from dental issues. This condition does not improve with thorough oral hygiene, and the odor comes from deep within the throat rather than just the oral cavity. It is often accompanied by a dry throat, fatigue, or fever when inflammation recurs.

If bad breath persists despite proper oral hygiene and after ruling out dental problems or gastroesophageal reflux, you should consult an ear, nose, and throat specialist to determine the cause.

Depending on the condition's severity, doctors may prescribe medical treatment to control inflammation and alleviate symptoms. If tonsillitis recurs multiple times a year and causes complications, doctors may consider surgical removal of the tonsils.

To reduce bad breath, individuals should rinse their mouth with physiological saline daily, maintain good oral hygiene, and drink enough water to keep the throat moist. Rinsing with diluted apple cider vinegar or drinking warm tea with honey, and sucking on licorice lozenges can help soothe the throat and limit odor-causing bacteria.

Master, Doctor, First-Level Specialist Diep Phuc Anh

ENT Center

Tam Anh General Hospital, TP HCM