Does dry skin increase the risk of hyperpigmentation? (Thuy Vy, 35, TP HCM)

Answer:

Dry skin is a condition characterized by prolonged lack of moisture, inefficient sebaceous gland activity, and a weakened skin barrier, making it more prone to irritation and inflammation. Additionally, dehydrated skin reduces the tension on pigment cells, stimulating them to become more active. These factors can promote hyperpigmentation, especially in individuals predisposed to melasma.

The outermost layer of the skin, the stratum corneum, limits water loss and protects the skin from environmental factors. When this barrier weakens, the skin becomes dry, tight, flaky, stinging, and more sensitive. For individuals with dry skin, frequent use of drying products or excessive exfoliation can prolong irritation.

When skin is inflamed or damaged, inflammatory mediators can affect melanocytes, the cells responsible for melanin production. Previously irritated skin areas can subsequently darken, a condition known as post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation. This explains why some individuals develop dark spots after acne or cosmetic irritation.

The mechanism of melasma formation due to UV radiation. *Illustration: Eco Pharmaceuticals*

However, not all dry skin with brown patches indicates melasma. Melasma is a chronic hyperpigmentation disorder, typically appearing as relatively symmetrical brown or grayish-brown patches on both cheeks, the forehead, nose, or upper lip area.

Melasma is linked to various factors including: genetics, hormones, ultraviolet (UV) radiation, visible light, oxidative stress, and inflammatory processes within the skin. Among these, sun exposure is a significant factor that promotes melasma formation or darkening.

Some studies also note that the skin barrier function can be impaired in melasma-affected areas, showing increased transepidermal water loss and reduced barrier recovery. This suggests that maintaining a healthy skin barrier can support hyperpigmentation control, although moisturizing cannot replace melasma treatment.

Prioritize repairing the skin barrier over using multiple whitening products simultaneously. Start with a gentle cleanser, a suitable moisturizer, and consistent sunscreen application. If your skin is peeling, red, or stinging, discontinue exfoliation and potentially irritating active ingredients.

Use broad-spectrum sunscreen, combined with protective clothing and limited direct sun exposure, especially when the UV index is high. If the brown patches on both cheeks become increasingly distinct, appear symmetrically, or persist despite skin care, consult a dermatologist to determine if it is melasma, post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation, or another condition. Regular supplementation with essences such as: sakura (from cherry blossoms), pomegranate (extract from pomegranates), l-glutathione, collagen, and p.leucotomos (from ferns) can support skin barrier regeneration and control melanin formation, helping to fade hyperpigmentation and enhance natural skin brightness.

Pharmacist Do Xuan Hoa

Medical Information Center

Tam Anh General Hospital TP HCM