According to Master of Science, Doctor Tran Thuy Linh from the Pediatric Unit at Tam Anh Cau Giay General Clinic, each age group has distinct physiological characteristics, developmental milestones, and disease risks. Regular health check-ups monitor physical and brain development, detecting abnormalities early for timely intervention.

From birth to 24 months old

This period marks the fastest growth rate for children, especially in central nervous system development. Regular monitoring during this stage assesses anthropometric indices (weight, length, head circumference) against standard growth charts, while also detecting developmental abnormalities early.

Doctors advise parents to bring their children for follow-up visits three to seven days after birth for early jaundice screening. During the first six months, children need monthly medical check-ups to monitor growth and neurological reflexes. From six to twelve months, the frequency of examinations can be extended to every two to three months to check motor and sensory development.

The 15 and 18-month milestones are considered "window periods" critical for early screening of neurodevelopmental and behavioral disorders, such as speech delay or autism spectrum disorder.

From 2 to 6 years old

Upon entering preschool, children begin to adapt to group environments, increasing their risk of respiratory infections, digestive issues, and allergies. At this age, regular check-ups should occur every six to twelve months. Doctors assess nutritional status, detect micronutrient deficiencies (iron, zinc, vitamin D), and check vision, hearing, and oral health.

This is also an important time to screen for orthopedic abnormalities (posture, musculoskeletal system) and cognitive and behavioral disorders like attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

A pediatrician examines a young child. Photo illustration: Tam Anh Cau Giay General Clinic

Pre-teen stage

Doctor Linh notes that this is a crucial time for early identification of endocrine disorders, especially the increasing incidence of precocious puberty due to obesity and excessive nutrition. By evaluating height velocity, body mass index (bmi), and signs of sexual development, doctors can detect abnormalities. Children may be prescribed bone age X-rays, gonadal ultrasound, or hormone tests for assessment and timely intervention.

Adolescence

At this age, children still need to maintain a habit of annual health check-ups to complete their physical and psychological development. The focus of examinations during this stage is monitoring growth charts and pubertal development.

Additionally, doctors will screen for musculoskeletal abnormalities such as scoliosis, school-related refractive errors, and particularly mental health issues (anxiety, depression, behavioral disorders). Counseling on adolescent reproductive health and sex education from medical professionals helps children form healthy perceptions and behaviors.

The general health check-up process typically involves a comprehensive clinical examination (measuring height, weight, vital signs, examining organs) combined with subclinical tests. Depending on the child's age, doctors may order blood and urine tests, abdominal ultrasound, bone density scans, or psychological and behavioral assessments.

Doctor Linh advises parents to bring their children to the hospital immediately if they show warning signs such as unexplained weight loss, slow growth, prolonged fever, recurrent infections, or chronic digestive disorders.

Trinh Mai