When at the beach, the risk of sunburn increases due to simultaneous exposure to intense sun, sea breeze, saltwater, and sweat, which quickly wash away the skin's protective layer and significantly reduce sunscreen effectiveness. The water's surface reflects sunlight, causing the skin to receive more ultraviolet (UV) radiation than usual. Habits such as swimming multiple times, towel-drying, and lying on hot sand can render sunscreen ineffective if not reapplied promptly.

According to Doctor Nguyen Thi Viet Ha, from Tam Anh Cau Giay General Clinic, sunburned skin, characterized by redness, stinging, darkening, and even blistering, not only causes immediate discomfort but also leads to long-term consequences such as premature skin aging, hyperpigmentation, and an increased risk of skin cancer. Applying sunscreen alone is insufficient; a combination of measures is needed to protect skin at the beach.

Choose the right amount and type of sunscreen

Ultraviolet (UV) rays from sunlight are the main cause of skin damage. UVB rays cause surface burns and stinging, while UVA rays penetrate deeper, destroying collagen and accelerating aging. It is advisable to use sunscreen with an SPF of 30 or higher, capable of protecting against both UVA and UVB, and prioritize water-resistant types for longer effectiveness when swimming.

Adults need approximately 25-30 g (equivalent to a small bowl) for the entire body with each application. Using too little results in a lower actual protection factor than indicated on the packaging. Sunscreen should be applied at least 15-20 minutes before sun exposure and reapplied every 2 hours or immediately after swimming or excessive sweating.

Sunscreen needs to be reapplied after swimming or excessive sweating. Photo: Thanh Ba

Protect skin with long-sleeved shirts and wide-brimmed hats

Long-sleeved shirts, wide-brimmed hats, and sunglasses help reduce the amount of direct UV exposure to the skin. Dark-colored, densely woven clothing offers better UV protection than thin, light-colored fabrics. Many types of swimwear are now designed with high ultraviolet protection factor (UPF) ratings, suitable for extended outdoor activities.

Avoid peak sun hours

Many people mistakenly believe that cloudy weather means less sun. Doctor Ha explains that in reality, up to 80% of UV rays can still penetrate clouds, causing skin damage without a noticeable burning sensation. UV radiation is strongest between 10h and 15h. If possible, people should limit swimming and sunbathing during these hours. Early morning and late afternoon are safer times for the skin.

The belief that sunbathing at midday helps absorb vitamin D is also a misconception. The body only needs a small amount of mild morning sun to synthesize the necessary vitamin D. Prolonged sun exposure offers no additional benefits and instead harms the skin.

Moisturize and repair skin after sun exposure

After a day at the beach, skin often becomes dehydrated, dry, and more sensitive. Rinsing with clean water, using a mild body wash, and applying moisturizer helps restore the skin's protective barrier. Products containing aloe vera and vitamin B5 have a soothing effect on the skin, reducing burning sensations. Drinking enough water also helps skin recover from within.

Mild sunburn typically causes only redness, stinging, and darkening of the skin. However, if blistering, severe pain, a slight fever, or fatigue appear, these could be signs of severe sunstroke. In such cases, complete sun avoidance, cooling the skin with a damp cloth, and potentially medical consultation are necessary. Continuing sun exposure on already sunburned skin worsens damage and increases the risk of post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation, leading to prolonged skin darkening.

Young children, individuals with fair skin, and those undergoing dermatological treatment or taking medications that increase sun sensitivity (such as certain antibiotics or acne treatments) are more susceptible to sunburn. These groups require thorough protection, frequent sunscreen application, and limited prolonged sun exposure.

Thanh Ba