Vocal cord cysts are benign lesions that often affect individuals who frequently use their voice. While small cysts may be managed with conservative treatments, larger ones often require surgery to restore vocal function.
Vocal cords, also known as vocal folds, are two bands of tissue located in the larynx. They are composed of five layers: an epithelial layer, three connective tissue layers, and a muscle layer. These cords vibrate as air passes through, producing sound for speech and singing.
Vocal cord cysts typically appear as fluid-filled or mucus-filled sacs on the vocal cords. This condition is common among individuals who frequently speak loudly or for extended periods, such as teachers, singers, and TV hosts.
Symptoms of a vocal cord cyst include hoarseness, vocal fatigue, and a deeper voice, resulting from unnatural vocal cord closure or irregular vibrations. In children, the primary symptoms are unclear pronunciation and intermittent speech.
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Dr. Pham Thai Duy is consulting a patient. Photo: Tam Anh General Hospital
Vocal cord cysts can develop spontaneously following an upper respiratory infection or vocal cord injury that alters the superficial layer of the mucous membrane, leading to cyst formation. Irritation of the vocal cords can also obstruct fluid-secreting glands on the surface, causing mucus to accumulate and develop into a cyst.
Cysts do not resolve on their own. However, for small cysts, patients are advised to reduce speaking intensity and control their vocal range when speaking and singing to limit cyst progression. If voice therapy does not improve the condition, doctors may prescribe medication to reduce swelling and inflammation, which helps alleviate hoarseness. Patients should limit excessive or strenuous speaking, maintain adequate hydration, and keep their throat moist to support recovery.
Laryngeal endoscopy is an effective surgical method to remove the cyst from the mucous membrane and vocal cord tissue. This procedure is typically indicated for large cysts. Following surgery, patients need to combine treatment with voice therapy to restore vocal function, reduce compensatory damage to the opposite vocal cord, and minimize the risk of recurrence.
Patients should attend follow-up appointments as scheduled and closely monitor their condition to ensure appropriate treatment and intervention.
Dr. Pham Thai Duy, Master of Science, Level II Specialist
Ear, Nose, and Throat Center
Tam Anh General Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City
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