Shortness of breath during physical exertion like running or climbing stairs is often normal as the heart and lungs work harder. However, frequent, prolonged, or unexplained shortness of breath can signal declining lung function.

Shortness of breath during activity or at rest

Shortness of breath even at rest or during simple tasks like dressing or walking indoors is an abnormal warning sign. This condition indicates that the respiratory or cardiovascular system may not be meeting the body's oxygen needs, and individuals should seek medical attention.

Chronic cough accompanied by shortness of breath

Coughing is a natural reflex that helps the body clear dust, mucus, and bacteria from the respiratory tract. However, a cough lasting more than a few weeks, especially when accompanied by shortness of breath, may indicate underlying conditions such as asthma, chronic bronchitis, respiratory infections, or chronic lung disease. Individuals should not ignore this symptom.

Chest pain when breathing deeply

Pain, tightness, or discomfort in the chest when inhaling deeply can signal issues with the lungs, heart, or surrounding chest tissues. This symptom suggests that the respiratory or cardiovascular system is struggling to meet the body's oxygen demands and requires medical evaluation.

Wheezing

Wheezing, particularly noticeable during exhalation, often indicates airway obstruction or inflammation. This is a common sign in individuals with asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), or other lung conditions.

Beyond lung diseases, shortness of breath can also stem from several other causes:

Anemia: A reduced red blood cell count limits oxygen transport.

Obesity: Excess weight increases pressure on the heart and lungs.

Anxiety, panic attacks: These conditions cause a feeling of breathlessness, often accompanied by insomnia and loss of appetite.

Allergies: Airway inflammation obstructs airflow.

Medication side effects: Certain drugs can cause shortness of breath during use.

When experiencing shortness of breath, individuals can use pursed-lip breathing by slowly inhaling through the nose and gradually exhaling through pursed lips. Additionally, adopting an upright sitting posture or leaning against a wall can help expand the chest, soothe the airways, and support more effective breathing. These measures are temporary and do not substitute for medical treatment.

Le Nguyen (According to Times of India)