**Answer:**

Asthma is a chronic respiratory disease characterized by inflammation, constriction, and increased mucus production in the bronchial tubes, narrowing the airways and causing symptoms like coughing or chest tightness. Asthma attacks often occur when individuals are exposed to triggers such as dust, pollen, mold, tobacco smoke, cold air, or respiratory infections.

Uncontrolled asthma can lead to severe complications, including chest wall deformities, chronic respiratory failure, and even pneumothorax. Prolonged use of corticosteroids for treatment may also result in pseudo-Cushing's syndrome.

From a medical perspective, there is no specific recommendation for individuals with severe asthma to relocate to warmer areas like southern Vietnam. However, significant differences exist in climate and environmental conditions between the two regions. Some patients with severe asthma may experience reduced symptoms in a more stable environment.

Northern Vietnam's weather is more volatile, with sudden shifts between hot and cold within a single day. Cold, dry winters often trigger bronchial constriction and worsen asthma symptoms. The region also experiences many humid days, increasing house dust mites and mold. Consequently, asthma patients in northern Vietnam often face more frequent flare-ups, especially those sensitive to cold. In contrast, southern Vietnam has a more stable climate without cold winters. Consistent temperatures year-round help many asthma patients breathe easier and experience fewer cold-induced exacerbations.

If you have severe asthma and your condition frequently flares during cold seasons, moving to southern Vietnam could be an option to consider. Regardless of whether you live in northern or southern Vietnam, asthma patients must adhere to daily preventive medication as prescribed by a doctor. Do not discontinue medication simply because symptoms improve, as asthma attacks can recur at any time.

A doctor consults with an asthma patient. Photo: Tam Anh General Hospital

During an asthma attack with difficulty breathing, remain calm, sit upright, loosen your clothing, and take 2-4 puffs of reliever medication directly or via a spacer. If symptoms do not improve after 20 minutes, repeat the dose. Avoid all triggers such as dust, cold, and chemical odors. If breathing difficulty increases, you cannot speak in full sentences, or you develop cyanosis, seek emergency medical attention immediately.

Beyond adhering to treatment, adopt a healthy lifestyle to minimize asthma triggers. Ensure your home is well-ventilated, free from excessive humidity and mold, and not contaminated by smoke or dust. If you have allergies, avoid keeping cats or dogs. Consider using an air purifier and controlling indoor humidity. Engage in suitable, gentle exercise to enhance lung endurance. Additionally, getting flu and pneumococcal vaccines are proactive measures to boost immunity and prevent complications.

Dr. Mai Manh Tam

Deputy Head, Respiratory Department

Tam Anh General Hospital Hanoi