Mr. Tien's persistent symptoms suggested central nervous system damage, indicating more than just a common vestibular syndrome, according to Doctor of first-degree specialization Ho Thi Kim Anh, from the Department of General Internal Medicine at Tam Anh General Clinic, District 7. A subsequent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan of his brain and brain vessels confirmed an arachnoid cyst measuring 12x16 mm. This cyst was located in the posterior cranial fossa, an area housing the cerebellum, which is crucial for maintaining body balance. The scan also revealed a partially empty sella turcica, where the pituitary gland was flattened by cerebrospinal fluid at the bottom, instead of filling the space as usual.

An arachnoid cyst is a sac filled with cerebrospinal fluid that develops in the brain or spine. These cysts are typically congenital and benign, meaning they are not tumors or cancerous growths. However, if a cyst grows large, it can compress the cerebellum and cranial nerves. This compression can lead to complications such as headaches, loss of balance, and permanent nerve damage.

According to Doctor Kim Anh, the posterior fossa region presents a complex anatomical structure, enveloped by the thick bone formations of the skull base. Consequently, abnormalities in this area of the brain are difficult to detect using conventional imaging methods, including X-rays or even computed tomography (CT) scans.

Doctor Kim Anh explains MRI results to the patient. *Photo: Tam Anh General Hospital*

Following a medical consultation, the doctors developed a protocol for Mr. Tien that included regular monitoring of the cyst's growth. This approach combined medical treatment to control his symptoms with management of underlying conditions such as pre-diabetes and hyperlipidemia.

During a follow-up visit after one month, Mr. Tien's health had stabilized, and episodes of dizziness and tinnitus decreased significantly. Due to his positive response to the medical treatment protocol, the partially empty sella turcica showed no further signs of brain parenchyma compression. The patient continues medication and regular monitoring.

Individuals experiencing symptoms such as headaches, dizziness, or tinnitus that last over two weeks, or are accompanied by blurred vision, numbness, or tingling in the limbs, should seek medical attention. Early consultation allows for an accurate diagnosis of the underlying cause and timely treatment.

Thao Vy

*Patient's name has been changed